DEAR ALL, WELCOME TO THE 4 th ICHS ICHS2011 With Support from Natural Resources Canada

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 IA HySafe and International Collaboration Andrei V. Tchouvelev President, IA HySafe

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Vision and Mission Vision Hydrogen will be introduced as a safe and sustainable energy carrier. Mission To facilitate the international coordination, development and dissemination of hydrogen safety knowledge by being the focal point for hydrogen safety research, education and training.

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe Membership BAM CEA Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft FZJ Jülich Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie KIT GexCon AS Health and Safety Labroratory Fundacion INASMET INERIS National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" University of Calgary Università di Pisa Universidad Politécnica de Madrid University of Ulster Warsaw University of Technology L'Air Liquide Technical University of Denmark Kurchatov Institue Kingston University Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres A.V.Tchouvelev & Associates Inc. Sandia National Laboratories Pacific Northwest National Laboratories FM Global Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research TNO Ad Matthijsen (RIVM) H2SAFE, LLC Centro Nacional de Experimentación en Tecnologías del Hidrógeno y las Pilas de Combustible

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe Membership 29 members: public institutions, national labs, universities and private companies. 22 from Europe and 7 form North America. Looking for representation from other regions of the world. Secretary: Benno Weinberger, INERIS

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe Committees – Conference Chair – Marco Carcassi, UNIPI 2005 – Pisa, Italy 2007 – San Sebastian, Spain 2009 – Ajaccio, France 2011 – San Francisco, USA 2013 – Brussels, Belgium 2015 – TBD

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe Committees – Industry Chair – Herve Barthelemy, Air Liquide Link with relevant ISO TCs: 197 (Hydrogen Technologies), 220 (Cryogenic Vessels), 58 (Gas Cylinders) Industry related topics: composite cylinders, fast filling, effect of H2 on metals, H2 indoors and in enclosures, risk- informed safety distances Accident / incident databases and lessons learned: HIAD, EIGA, collaboration with H2incidents.org – Don’t miss the demo presentation during reception today! Collaboration on failure frequency data collection and analysis

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe Committees – PR & Dissemination Chair – Ulrich Schmidtchen, BAM IA HySafe website and communications Participation in the Hannover Industrial Fairs Support of the International Short Course and Advanced Research Workshop series "Progress in Hydrogen Safety" (ISCARW) organized by the University of Ulster Educational hydrogen safety workshops

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe Committees – Research Chair – Alexei Kotchourko, KIT Address knowledge gaps in hydrogen safety and, thus, provide scientific input to safety C&S development organizations and industry Input to relevant ISO TCs and IEA HIA Task 31 work plan CFD Club: SBEP (simulation benchmark) workshops Publication of BRHS (bi-annual report on hydrogen safety)

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe New Activities Liaison with IAHE – new joint committee on hydrogen safety managed by IA HySafe to solidify HySafe’s global leadership position in hydrogen safety Preparing publication of a series of special hydrogen safety issues in IJHE and developing a foundation for a International Journal on Hydrogen Safety

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 HySafe Executive Board and Contacts Andrei Tchouvelev, President, Thomas Jordan, Vice President, Iñaki Azkarate, Treasurer, Benno Weinberger, Secretary, Marco Carcassi, Chair, Conference Committee, Herve Barthelemy, Chair, Industry Committee, Ulrich Schmidtchen, Chair, PR & Dissemination Committee, Alexei Kotchourko, Chair, Research Committee,

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Vision and Mission Vision Hydrogen will be introduced as a safe and sustainable energy carrier. Mission To facilitate the international coordination, development and dissemination of hydrogen safety knowledge by being the focal point for hydrogen safety research, education and training.

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Safety What do “safe” and “safety” mean? Safety is defined only by societal values and priorities

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Safety and Risk Safety is a societal construct and, thus, cannot be calculated. It varies as per societal needs. Safety is freedom from unacceptable risk. (ISO/IEC Guide 51) Safety can only be measured through risk, which is a technical construct and can be calculated: if risk is within an acceptable / tolerable limit, the condition is deemed to be “safe”. Tolerance, however, varies globally!

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Safety and Risk Yanus Bifrons, Vatican Museum Safety is a societal side of risk! … Or risk is a technical side of safety!

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Safety and Risk Communicating vessels Higher level of safety means lower acceptable level of risk.

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Uniform Risk and Harm Criteria Hydrogen, as a universal energy carrier, may be an “agent” of uniform safety via implementation of uniform risk and harm criteria. Once applied to hydrogen technologies worldwide, they will help establish uniform acceptability or tolerance levels of risk and, hence, safety. References: IEA Task 19 Hydrogen Safety Effort In Developing Uniform Risk Acceptance Criteria For The Hydrogen Infrastructure, WHEC 17, 2008 Development of uniform harm criteria for use in quantitative risk analysis of the hydrogen infrastructure, IJHE 2010

ICHS4 San Francisco September 12-14, 2011 Keep Up The Good Work and Be Safe! Uniform safety won’t happen overnight… It will take years of hard work in research, product development, commercialization, education and training. Safety knowledge and experience sharing and dissemination is key – long live ICHS! So, keep up the good work and be SAFE HAVE A GREAT CONFERENCE!

THANK YOU VERY MUCH Sponsors: Endorsement: Support from the National Resources Canada

20 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov Clean Energy Leadership: The Role of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies International Conference on Hydrogen Safety San Francisco, CA Dr. Sunita Satyapal U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program Program Manager September 12, 2011

21 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov Double Renewable Energy Capacity by 2012 Generate 80% of electricity from clean energy sources by 2035 Reduce GHG emissions 83% by 2050 U.S. Clean Energy Goals

22 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov U.S. Energy Consumption Total U.S. Energy = 94.6 Quadrillion Btu Source: Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009, Figure 2.0 Transportation Industrial Residential & Commercial Electric Power Share of Energy Consumed by Major Sectors of the Economy, 2009 U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector

23 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov Fuel Cell Patents Reflect Emerging Growth Clean Energy Patent Growth Index [1] shows that fuel cell patents lead in the clean energy field with nearly 1,000 fuel cell patents issued worldwide in x more than the second place holder, solar, which has just ~360 patents. Number of fuel cell patents grew > 57% in [1}

24 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov Fuel Cell Market Overview Megawatts Shipped, Key Countries: North American Shipments by Application Fuel cell market continues to grow ~36% increase in global MWs shipped ~50% increase in US MWs shipped 24 FuelCells2000, Pike Research, Fuel Cell Today, ANL Widespread market penetration of fuel cells could lead to: 180,000 new jobs in the US by ,000 jobs by 2035 Various analyses project that the global fuel cell/hydrogen market could reach maturity over the next 10 to 20 years, producing revenues of: $14 – $31 billion/year for stationary power $11 billion/year for portable power $18 – $97 billion/year for transportation

25 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov DOE Accomplishments Current status: $49/kW vs target of $30/kW Current status: $49/kW vs target of $30/kW Projected Transportation Fuel Cell System Cost -projected to high-volume (500,000 units per year)- Projected high-volume cost of fuel cells has been reduced to $49/kW (2011)* More than 30% reduction since 2008 More than 80% reduction since 2002 Real world validation marks progress Vehicles & Infrastructure 155 fuel cell vehicles and 24 hydrogen fueling stations 2,500 hours (nearly 75K miles) durability Demonstrated world’s first Tri- generation station (CHHP with 54% efficiency) Up to 1,000 fuel cells with Recovery Act funding *Based on projection to high-volume manufacturing (500,000 units/year). **Projected cost, based on analysis of state-of-the-art technology Safety, Codes & Standards R&D Progress Demonstration of cycle-life durability in excess of 50,000 refuelings for metal pressure vessels for forklift applications. Developed and validated models for evaluation of indoor refueling safety requirements

26 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov Progress — Spurring Early Markets with DOE Recovery Act Activities Deployed more than 800 fuel cells to date for use in forklifts and backup power at several companies including Sprint, AT&T, FedEX, Kimberly Clark, and Whole Foods Fuel Cell Application Operational Fuel Cells Total Fuel Cells Planned Backup Power Material Handling Stationary26 APU03 Total829> 1,000 Deployment Status – August 2011 ARRA Material Handling Equipment Data As of 12/31/2010 Hydrogen Dispensed> 18,500 kg Hydrogen Fills> 38,800 Hours Accumulated> 307,400 hrs NREL ARRA Data Collection Snapshot Deployment Locations MORE THAN 3,000 ADDITIONAL FUEL CELL FORKLIFTS PLANNED with NO DOE funding DOE: $42 M Cost-share: $54 M Total: $96 M.

27 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov EERE H 2 & Fuel Cells Budgets Funding ($ in thousands) Key Activity FY 2011 Appropriation ($ thousands) FY 2012 Request ($ thousands) Fuel Cell Systems R&D43,000 45,450 Hydrogen Fuel R&D33,000 35,000 Technology Validation9,000 8,000 Safety, Codes & Standards7,000 Systems Analysis3,000 Manufacturing R&D3,000 2,000 Total98,000100,450 Budget is approximately $100 million per year More than $1 billion spent by U.S. DOE in last four years

28 | Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: U.S. DOE 10/2/2015eere.energy.gov Keep Doing the Critical Work for the Safe Deployment of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Safety is Essential for Success The ICHS is the most prominent international conference on hydrogen safety. Your work is essential for the successful deployment of hydrogen and fuel cells and will pave the way for other clean energy technologies. Thank you!

Opening Remarks Marco Carcassi, University of Pisa -ITALY Chairman of the ICHS2011 Scientific Committee

ICHS Origin Technical Internal Projects WP10. (FZK) Hydrogen explosions, detonations WP9. (HSE/HSL) H2 ignition and jet fires Basic Research WP2. (FZJ) Experimental Facilities WP11. (NH) Mitigation WP12. (DNV) Risk assessment methodologies Risk Management WP17. (FZK) General Management PMO HyTunne l InsHydeHyQRA Technical External Projects HyPER StorHy HyApproval NATURALHY WP16. (BAM) RCS Yearly planning and reporting Business Plan „European Institute for Hydrogen Safety“ Management WebsiteWP7. StrategiesBusiness Plan HYTHEC WP8. (NCSRD) H2 reslease and dispersion WP18. (INASMET) Mat compatibility, structural integrity WP6. (FZK) Numerical Tools WP1. (WUT) Biennial Report on H2 Safety WP5. (FZK) H2 Incidence and Accident Database HIAD WP14. (UNIPI) Int Conference on H2 Safety WP15. (UU) e-Academy Dissemination Jointly Executed Research Activities HySafe Activity Clusters

ICHS1- PISA September 2005

ICHS2 – San Sebastian September 2007

ICHS3 – Ajaccio September 2007

ICHS4 – San Francisco September 2011 OUR GOAL!!!!!!!!

ICHS Scientific Numbers 15 ICHS ICHS ICHS3 101 ICHS4 118 Papers at the Conference Papers in the Journal

THANKS TO…. (Long List)

37 9/11/07 Presentation End

Additional Information

Fuel Cells: Benefits & Market Potential The Role of Fuel Cells Key Benefits Very High Efficiency Reduced CO 2 Emissions 35–50%+ reductions for CHP systems (>80% with biogas) 55–90% reductions for light-duty vehicles up to 60% (electrical) up to 70% (electrical, hybrid fuel cell / turbine) up to 85% (with CHP) Reduced Oil Use >95% reduction for FCEVs (vs. today’s gasoline ICEVs) >80% reduction for FCEVs (vs. advanced PHEVs) Reduced Air Pollution up to 90% reduction in criteria pollutants for CHP systems Fuel Flexibility Clean fuels — including biogas, methanol, H 2 Hydrogen — can be produced cleanly using sunlight or biomass directly, or through electrolysis, using renewable electricity Conventional fuels — including natural gas, propane, diesel

Fuel Cell Vehicles - International Status Many major automobile manufacturers have recently reaffirmed their commitment to develop fuel cell vehicles. Plans exist in Germany and Japan to expand the hydrogen infrastructure. Daimler * Small-series production of FCEVs began in summer 2009 Plans for tens of thousands of FCEVs per year in 2015 – 2017 and hundreds of thousands a few years after Volkswagen Expanded demo fleet to 24 FCEVs in CA Recently reconfirmed commitment to FCEVs Germany: Infrastructure Public/private partnership to build 1000 hydrogen stations by 2015 General Motors * 115 vehicles in demonstration fleet 2012: Technology readiness goal for FC powertrain 2015: Target for commercialization Hyundai-Kia * 2020: Planned expansion of demo fleet to 500 vehicles 2012: 1000 FCEVs/year 2015: 10,000 FCEVs/year “Borrego” FCEV has achieved >340-mile range. Toyota * : U.S. demo fleet of 100 vehicles 2015: Target for large-scale commercialization “FCHV-adv” has achieved 431- mile range and 68 mpgge Honda * Clarity FCX named “World Green Car of the Year”; EPA certified 72 mpgge; has begun leasing vehicles, with plans to lease : Target for large-scale commercialization Nissan * Renault * Ford * * In Sept. 2009, many of the world’s major auto manufacturers signed a letter of understanding in support of fuel cell vehicles, anticipating widespread commercialization beginning in 2015 and calling for increased investment in refueling infrastructure. SAIC (China) Partnering with GM to build 10 fuel cell vehicles in 2010 DOE 2010 Japan: Infrastructure Alliance of 13 Japanese companies plans to develop commercial technologies by 2015 that will supply hydrogen for FCEVs.