Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Energy efficient residential buildings in India International Conference on Growth with Stability in Affordable Housing Markets 31 st January,2012 Mili Majumdar, Director Sustainable Habitat Division TERI New Delhi

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Urbanization & Population Growth Population of India will reach from current 1.2bn to 1.4bn by 2025 By 2030, 40.8% (600mn) of Indias population will be living in urban areas compared to current 28.4%

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Urbanization & Housing Demand-Supply Dynamics Supply shortfall since post-independence (1947) In 2005, estimated demand million, supply million

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats NCAER Income Group Forecasts for the top twenty cities

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Annual electricity consumption(611 Billion units) in India-sectoral break up:

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats 46% 59% Cumulativeemissionssavings- Urbanresidential buildings Cumulative emissions & savings- Urban residential buildings

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Approaches to energy efficient housing Vernacular approach to design (passive architecture, local materials, use of local labor): Low income/low cost housing and mass housing programmes of the government; certain pockets in India (Kerala and Auroville) Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope design, labelled appliances for households; particularly applicable to middle and high income group housing Green rated housing : Energy and resource efficiency looked at holistically in addition to indoor environmental quality and societal issues

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Use of low embodied energy technologies for housing

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Excellent ventilation Orientation and shading as per solar geometry Courtyard design and use of mature tree for shading Design for daytime and nighttime use Works of Charles Correa : Architectural expressions with dominance of natural climate control measures

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Silkworm rearing house: Bangalore Thermal comfort requirement: Chawki room: 25 to 28 deg C with 70-90% RH Rearing room: 23 to 25 deg C with 70-80% RH Non uniform heating/cooling leads to loss in 50-70% of yield

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Constructed solar passive silk worm rearing house Building section for silkworm rearing house

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Silkworm rearing being carried out in the constructed solar passive house

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Performance of solar passive silkworm rearing house in winter season of Bangalore

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Performance of the house First rearing was carried out in the month of December. Required temperatures for silkworm rearing is 22deg C – 24degC. Outside ambient temperatures monitored during rearing were between 13deg C and 30deg C. Inside the solar passive house the maintained temperatures were between 20deg C to 24deg C.

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Adoption of Energy conservation building code in envelope design, labelled appliances for households: Potential for energy savings and providing financial incentive

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Base Case parameters FALG brick wall with cement plaster on both sides RCC roof 6mm single clear glass with MS frame Incandescent lamp, T-12 one-star window AC in bedrooms and living room Base Case parameters FALG brick wall with cement plaster on both sides RCC roof 6mm single clear glass with MS frame Incandescent lamp, T-12 one-star window AC in bedrooms and living room ECBC compliant Wall insulation Roof insulation with reflective coating Single glazed Window with SC compliant with ECBC CFL, T-5 five-star rated ACs in bedrooms and living room ECBC compliant Wall insulation Roof insulation with reflective coating Single glazed Window with SC compliant with ECBC CFL, T-5 five-star rated ACs in bedrooms and living room Recommended case Wall shading Sakora roof with reflective coating ECBC compliant window CFL, T-5 five-star rated Acs in bedrooms and living room Recommended case Wall shading Sakora roof with reflective coating ECBC compliant window CFL, T-5 five-star rated Acs in bedrooms and living room EPI base : 152 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI base : 152 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI ECBCenvelope : 111 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI ECBCenvelope : 111 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI eff.light_fivestar eAC : 79 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI eff.light_fivestar eAC : 79 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI base : 152 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI base : 152 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI recommended case 119 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI eff.light_fivestar eAC : 86 kWh/m 2 /annum EPI eff.light_fivestar eAC : 86 kWh/m 2 /annum Energy Efficient housing: Application of solar passive design in conjunction with select measures from the Energy Conservation Building Code Annual energy savings: 73 kWH/m 2 Annual energy savings: 66 kWh/m 2 Assumptions People- 100% occupancy for 24 hrs Lighting- 100% for 18hrs -22hrs AC- Living room-12hr- 20hrs AC-Bedroom-13hr -14hr -21hr-6hr Assumptions People- 100% occupancy for 24 hrs Lighting- 100% for 18hrs -22hrs AC- Living room-12hr- 20hrs AC-Bedroom-13hr -14hr -21hr-6hr Payback period: 4- 7 years

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats The IT Toolkit entrance

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats The assesment tool structure

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Savings from various ECMs

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Saving potential Energy Conservation Measures – Efficient Envelope Materials Efficient Lighting System Efficient AC system Solar Hot Water System

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Green rating for housing

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Green rating for housing GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) LEED rating for homes Ecohousing programme in city on Pune (Western India) Market driven and partly incentivised

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building,and in turn ….measure greenness of a building in India What gets measured gets managed

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Key highlights of GRIHA Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and water Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on architecture with present day technology Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards (e.g NBC 2005, ECBC 2007, IS codes) Is in complete alignment with government policies and programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF: GRIHA pre certification gets fast track EIA clearance) Building types (new constructions) Commercial Residential 5 climatic zones Hot – Dry Warm – Humid Composite Temperate Cold

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats The Doon School Masters Houses Monitored indoor temperature profiles show performance nearly equal (in some cases better) than the simulation studies (>>4 0 Centigrade difference from conventional houses)

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Common wealth games village Sustainable site planning measures (compensatory afforestation, topsoil preservation, etc) Water efficient landscape by adopting native species, efficient irrigation systems and limiting turf areas. Building water consumption reduced by use of high efficiency and low-flow fixtures. Energy efficiency measures such as high performance glass, roof insulation, energy efficient lighting and variable refrigerant volume based air conditioning shall reduce the energy consumption of the apartments significantly. Solar photo voltaic system is proposed to meet the 10% of total energy requirement for internal lighting. Waste water recycling and solid waste management system are being planned.

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Reimbursement of rating-cum-registration fee for buildings with higher rating Incentives to architects/ design consultants Capital subsidy for SPV installations under Ministrys scheme Promotional activities (training, awareness generation, capacity building programmes) Incentives to Urban Local Bodies First 200 Government buildings exempted from paying registration fees in advance. Incentives for GRIHA Rated Green Buildings (governmemt projects only)

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Conclusion Alternative/vernacular materials and techniques need mainstreaming through market push and acceptance among developers/builders/design community Local skill base needs enhancement Policy impetus with enabling financial mechanisms Standards and norms for EE in housing Awareness and capacity building

Earth Science and Climate Change Decentralized Electricity Solutions Sustainable Habitats Energy Environment Technology Development Environment & Industrial Bio-Technology Bio-Technology & Bio-Resources Water Resources Industrial Energy Efficiency Resources Regulation & Global Security Social Transformation Environment Education & Youth Services Sustainable Development Outreach Modeling & Economic Analysis Sustainable Habitats Thank you for your attention