P2P Media Summit Silicon Valley August 4, 2008 Jeff Capone

Trends in peer-to-peer Where do we see peer-to-peer headed?

Peer-to-peer is shifting from applications to infrastructure Voluntary Infrastructure Core Infrastructure Applications Task oriented (e.g., sharing files) Applications bundled with infrastructure YesterdayToday Tomorrow Infrastructure on which next generation applications are built Distributed file system Grid computing Content distribution P2P Web

Peer-to-peer is being used for public and private access Content sharing applications BitTorrent, Gnutella, Kazaa Public content distribution 1 Typically non-web content Multicasting Veoh, Joost Mainly used for public content distribution Maybe used for live streams 1. Similar technology is being used to create private sharing networks Peer-to-peer networking Skype, Leaf Networks, Pando Networks Private content distribution VoIP, IPOP (IP over P2P), file sharing (SMB, CIFS), DLNA Peer-to-Peer Public Private

The type of distribution drives network design Public distribution Uses public infrastructure Private nodes need to become part of the public infrastructure Broadcast to millions (not considering long tail content) Available all the time Private distribution Uses private infrastructure Traditionally LAN but maybe a virtual or overlay infrastructure Delivered to few Available most of the time

Differences in public and private peer-to-peer network design Public Centered around content Tracking content Delivery designed around a well-seeded network High direct connection rate not required Multiple instances of same content May use super nodes (public infrastructure) Private Focused on node tracking Presence and availability Delivery typically point-to-point High connection rate required Single instance of an endpoint May not use super nodes but may use relay servers

Distribution of public content Demand A single Nielsen Rating 2 point =1,128,000 streams Assume a 1 Mbps per stream is over 1 TBps for a single Nielsen Rating point Not sure how time shifting effects Nielsen Rating Will a 40/50 rating every be possible with traditional (unicast) approaches? Delivery - only solution is Multicasting IP level multicasting Are the economic incentives in place for it to happen? Virgin radio, BBC trails with many ISPs in UK Application level multicasting Quality of service (QoS) has been limited by lack of resources Take hybrid approach Competition Is peer-to-peer free? What happens is the price of bandwidth approaches zero? 2. Rating are based in the percentage of home tuned in at the time of broadcast

Distribution of private content Demand Only from one or few users Deliver Peer-to-peer over LANs has been used for years VoIP, folder sharing, printer sharing, UPnP, etc. Virtual peer-to-peer LAN over the Internet Use public infrastructure like BitTorrent Application specific overlay such as VoIP Social networks/Facebook Not true peer-to-peer Peer-to-peer platform Identify endpoint, open connection, close connection Competition IPv6?

The future of peer-to-peer What will peer-to-peer look like in the future?

End users will be unaware of delivery mechanism CDN P2P OR CDN, P2P or Hybrid - should it matter? Do users care? Not as long as there is sufficient quality of service

Public website will use a combination of public servers and peer-to-peer for the delivery of private content Facebook Game Lobby applications allows users to play head-to-head LAN games

12 Embedded devices will give peer-to-peer the foothold to adequately deliver both public and private content INTERNET Private Public

Leaf Networks background Founded in 2004 originally as a peer-to-peer content delivery network Had difficulty finding professional content to distribute Signed up a religious congregation In early 2005 focus shifted enabling communications when otherwise not possible Focused on NAT/firewall traversal Private networking/IP over P2P Peer-to-peer routing and TCP performance tuning Free consumer version and license the technology Consumer networking equipment SMB software applications Content Delivery Networks

14 Multiple peer-to-peer product offerings Leaf: Free consumer messenger style application Leaf Plug-in SDK: Enables other software developers to user the API to build peer-to-peer applications over existing Leaf networks SDK plug-in extension to the consumer application Leaf Web: allows Web developers to take advantage of P2P capabilities using basic JavaScript or Flash programming Leaf Platform: is the core P2P and network formation technology used to easily deliver networking applications such as file sharing and video multicasting Cross-platform P2P networking library