CHAPTER 6 CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUES

Important Figures and Tables Page 68: Figure 6a.1 Pages 70-73: Figure 6a.3 Page 74: Figure 6a.4 Pages 75-80: Figure 6a.5 Page 81: Figure 6a.6 Pages 82-83: Figure 6a.7 Histology Atlas, pp 693: Plates 1-5 Histology Atlas on CD

Things to know for the quizzes Know & identify (picture & microscope) different types of tissues. Know descriptions, locations and functions for ALL tissues as described in the Lab Manual. Pick on location and one function to memorize for each tissue type.

Histology: the study of tissues • Groups of cells similar in structure; perform common or related functions • Four Basic Types 1.Epithelium 2.Connective 3.Muscle 4.Nervous

Epithelial Tissue/Epithelium Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity FUNCTIONS: 1. Protection (eg. skin) 2. Absorption (eg. digestive tract) 3. Filtration 4. Excretion 5. Secretion • Covering and Lining Epithelium – outer layer of the skin, cavities • Glandular Epithelium –creates the glands of the body (eg. kidney)

Epithelial glands Exocrine Endocrine

basal lamina+ reticular lamina= basement membrane Epithelial Tissue/Epithelium Characteristics:   1.  Cellularity – composed mostly of closed-packed cells Specialized contacts – form continuous sheets (tight junctions, desmosomes) 3.   Polarity – Apical surface, basal surface 4.   Connective tissue support basal lamina+ reticular lamina= basement membrane 5.   Avascularity – nerves, no blood vessels. – nourished by diffusion 6.   Regeneration   – high reproductive rate

Classification of Epithelia

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.3 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUES

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple columnar epithelium

Pseudostratified epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Stratified columnar epithelium

Transitional epithelium

Connective Tissue • Found everywhere in the body • Most widely distributed and abundant • Classes: 1. connective tissue proper 2. cartilage 3. bone 4. Blood • Purpose: 1. Binding and support 2. Protection 3. Insulation 4. Transportation (blood)

Connective Tissue Characteristics: 1. Common Origin –arise from mesenchyme (embryonic tissue) 2. Degree of vascularity –wide range of blood supply • cartilage (avascular); • bone (well vascularized) 3.  Composed of many cell types 4.  Extracellular matrix – Mostly non-living – Separates living tissues of the cells – Able to bear weight, withstand stresses

Structural Elements 1.Ground Substance-space between cells, contains the fibers -- Interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans. GLUE. 2.Fibers -provide support to connective tissue -- Collagen -tough, high tensile strength -- Elastic -stretch and recoil -- Reticular -surround small blood vessels 3. Cells-immature and mature types • immature -uses the suffix “-blast” • mature -uses suffix “-cyte” Fibroblast: connective tissue proper Chondroblast: cartilage Osteoblast: bone Hematopoietic stem cell: blood

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.5 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUES

Mesenchyme

Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, Areolar

Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, Adipose

Connective tissue proper: Loose connective tissue, Reticular

Connective tissue proper: Dense connective tissue, Regular

Connective tissue proper: Dense connective tissue, Irregular

Cartilage: Hyaline

Cartilage: Elastic

Cartilage: Fibrocartilage

Osseous/Bone

Blood

Other Tissues

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.6 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUES

Nervous Tissue

Muscle Tissue

SEE LAB MANUAL FIGURE 6a.7 FOR DESRIPTIONS, LOCATIONS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOVING TISSUES

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle