Principles of Health Science Digestive System Principles of Health Science Day 1

Thought for the Day & Warm-up What is digestion? What is the function of your… mouth? stomach? small intestine? colon? http://padlet.com/wall/CHSHS13

Agenda Objectives: Students will be able to… Lesson: Digestive System describe the various organs in the digestive system and analyze their functions. Lesson: Digestive System Quiz 6: Monday, May 5th, 2014

Digestive System What is Digestion? Physical and chemical breakdown of food for use by the body The Digestive System consists of the alimentary canal and the accessory organs http://www.argosymedical.com/Digestive/samples/animations/Digestion/index.html

Utilization of Nutrients Mechanical Digestion Mouth Chemical Digestion Stomach Absorption Small Intestine Metabolism Cells Digestion – the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically, and moves the food through the digestive system. Mechanical Digestion – food is broken down by the teeth in the oral cavity Chemical Digestion – food is broken down by digestive enzymes secreted by the mouth, stomach, small intestines, and pancreas; most digestion occurs in the stomach Absorption- The process by which blood picks up the digested nutrients. The nutrients are then carried by the circulatory system to every cell in the body. Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine Metabolism-The process in which nutrients are used by the cells. Nutrients are combined with oxygen and energy and heat are released.

Alimentary Canal Long muscular tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus Accessory organs: Salivary glands, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Mouth Receives food as it enters the body Teeth Tongue Food is tasted, broken down by teeth, lubricated by saliva, & swallowed Teeth Mastication Tongue Taste/manipulate food Hard/Soft Palate Separates the mouth from the nasal cavities & nasopharynx Uvula Prevents food from entering the nasopharynx Salivary glands Produce saliva

Pharynx (Throat) Carrier for both air and food Food Bolus Carries food to the esophagus Food Bolus When food is mixed saliva When bolus swallowed, epiglottis closes to prevent food from entering the trachea http://www.argosymedical.com/Digestive/samples/animations/Sherwood%20Swallowing/index.html

Esophagus Muscular tube behind the trachea that carries food to the stomach Peristalsis moves food toward stomach Rhythmic, wave-like muscle movement

Stomach Digests/breaks down food with gastric juices (acids) Two circular muscles that keep food in the stomach Cardiac sphincter Between the esophagus/stomach Pyloric sphincter Between the stomach/small intestine Food stays in the stomach 1–4 hours Chyme semi-liquid material of digested food

Small Intestine Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream through villi Fingerlike projections on the lining of the intestines Small intestine i. Duodenum Connects to the stomach & receives bile and pancreatic juices ii. Jejunum Middle section ii. Ileum Connects to the large intestine (continues)

Large Intestine Absorbs water and stores indigestible materials (feces) Cecum Appendix Colon Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid Rectum Storage area for feces Anus Expels fecal material/stool Constipation- when the large intestine absorbs too much water, and stools are hard and difficult to pass Diarrhea- when the large intestine does not absorb enough water, and the stools are watery/liquid

Liver & Gallbladder Liver Gallbladder Bile Secretes bile Detoxifies substances (alcohol) Gallbladder Stores bile until it is ready to be released into the small intestine Bile Helps to digest/break up fats

Pancreas Fish-shaped organ located behind the stomach Produces pancreatic juices to digest food (small intestine) insulin to metabolize sugars (bloodstream)

Diagram Labeling Word Bank Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Cecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon Rectum Anus Liver Gallbladder

Diagram Answers A. Liver B. Gallbladder C. Ascending Colon D. Small Intestine E. Cecum F. Rectum G. Anus H. Sigmoid Colon I. Descending Colon J. Transverse Colon K. Stomach L. Esophagus

Labeling

Activity: Include the main structures from #5-12 Create a children’s book about where poop comes from. Include the main structures from #5-12 Write at least 1 FACT from your notes about each structure Include what happens with Constipation Diarrhea This is due TODAY at the END of CLASS!

Review & Looking Ahead… Discussed: the various organs in the digestive system and analyze their functions. Next class topic: Wellness - Nutrition Quiz 6: Monday, May 5th, 2014