1. Warm-ups Date: Feb 18, 2014 Page: Table of Contents p 19 W.O.D: Last 3 pages Warm-ups: Front Cover W.O.D. Villi – Tiny, finger-like projections in the intestinal lining that absorb nutrients. (Latin: “shaggy hair”) Question: Why is there a hair-like lining in the intestines? Glossary

2. 15.1 Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food *absorption of nutrients Consists of alimentary canal and accessory organs

3. Digestion Questions 1.What are the organs of the alimentary canal? 2.What are 2 ways the stomach digests food? 3.What is the main function of the small intestine? 4.What is the main function of the large intestine? 5.What are accessory organs? List 3.

4. Organs of the Alimentary Canal have food passing directly through them. Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum

5. Peristalsis - Contractions mix food with digestive juices and push food down the tube Esophagus

7. Stomach The 3 layers of muscle churn food in the stomach, while acids and enzymes break down the food.

8. Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve Rugae - folds within stomach Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices

9. The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream. In one word: ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

10. Function of Large Intestine Secretes mucus, reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion (intestinal flora) Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food The main job is WATER REABSORPTION...

11. Intestinal villi - increase surface area to absorb nutrients, connect to vessels

12. Accessory Organs –Organs which aid in digestion, but do not have food passing directly through. Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Spleen Appendix

13. PANCREAS - secretes insulin which breaks down sugars Pancreatic Juice also breaks down fat

14. Liver 1 large right lobe, 1 smaller left lobe

15. Liver Functions 1. blood glucose levels 2. breakdown of lipids and fats 3. protein metabolism 4. stores vitamins 5. destroys damaged RBCs 6. removes toxins 7. secretes bile

16. 1. esophagus 2. liver 3. stomach 5. duodenum 6. pancreas 7. jejunum 8. ileum 10. appendix 11. ascending colon 12. descending colon 13. sigmoid colon 14. anus 15 Gall bladder and bile duct (not labeled) Small intestine Large intestine For the coloring, use one color for all parts of the small intestine, and one color for all of the large intestine.

17. Reflection: What is peristalsis?