Lori Albin, Director Fiscal Policy Center National Juvenile Justice Network July 2011 Show Us the Money: Calculating the Cost of Juvenile Justice

The National Juvenile Justice Network’s Fiscal Policy Center is supported by generous grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Open Society Foundations, Public Welfare Foundation, and Tow Foundation.

MAPPING THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM BREAKING DOWN THE PROCESS

Costs of Crime First step in estimating benefit of avoiding crime is to estimate cost of crime Programs that reduce crime benefit taxpayers, victims, and society To estimate cost must break down the process Mapping

What? Me? Map? Mapping is the process of identifying the stages of the juvenile justice process To maximize effectiveness of fiscal information must know what each stage costs For example: No Misdemeanants in detention or secured placement Must know costs before and after exit point to assert cost avoidance

MAPPING YOUR SYSTEM Source: United States Department of Justice, Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report

Source: Rethinking Detention in New York City, A Report of the Juvenile Justice Project of the Correctional Association of New York (March 2002). Map of New York City Process

Source: Rethinking Detention in New York City, A Report of the Juvenile Justice Project of the Correctional Association of New York (March 2002). Map of New York City Process

Source: The Rising Cost of the City’s Juvenile Justice System, New York City Independent Budget Office (January 2008/Revised). Map of New York City Process – Cost Data

Source: The Rising Cost of the City’s Juvenile Justice System, New York City Independent Budget Office (January 2008/Revised). Map of New York City Process – Cost Data

ARREST FOUR PATHS Juvenile Offender (charged as an adult) Family/Juvenile Court Secured Detention Until Court Open Released – “Must Appear” Citation

ARREST A standard arrest process includes investigation, arrest, interrogation and booking. Law Enforcement Cost Average Police Officer Pay (including benefits) Number of Juvenile Arrests Average Time Between Arrest and Complaint/Charging Document

INTAKE Divert or Petition Assessment Tool Cost Intake Worker/Probation Agent Cost  Number of intakes  Average time to process  Budget for Intake Division

DIVERSION Program Cost Number of Cases Diverted Length of Probation Supervision Assumption

PREADJUDICATION Release to Parent – No Supervision Secure Detention Non-Secure Detention Alternative to Detention

SECURE DETENTION Number of Youth in Secure Detention Operating Cost of Facilities Capacity of Facilities Average Length of Stay

NON-SECURE DETENTION Program Cost Number of Facilities/Capacity  Per bed contract? Number of Youth in Facilities Average Length of Stay Total Budget for Non-Secure Detention

ALTERNATIVE TO DETENTION Cost of Programs Number of Youth Served Program Budget or Actual if Available

ADJUDICATION Adjudication includes prosecutorial review, defense attorney interviews, and case processing Initial Appearance/Arraignment Fact Finding/Adjudication Hearing (and prep) Disposition Subsequent Placement Hearing (if necessary)

ARRAIGNMENT Number of Youth Length of Hearing Prosecutor/Public Defender Cost Court Cost

FACT FINDING Number of Youth Length of Hearing Prosecutor/Public Defender Cost Court Cost

DISPOSITION Number of Youth Length of Hearing Prosecutor/Public Defender Cost Court Cost

PLACEMENT (Commitment) Secure Non-Secure Number of Youth Length of Stay

ALTERNATIVES TO PLACEMENT Program Cost Number of Youth Length of Stay Budget or Actual Cost of Program

INTENSIVE SUPERVISION (PROBATION) Number of Youth Budget or Actual Cost of Program

Other Initiatives Discharge Planning Supervised Probation

Simple Map of a Juvenile Case in Maryland arrest intake assessment adjudicationdisposition 25 day review hearing placement

Mapping a Juvenile Case in Baltimore County, Maryland Arrest 6033 DJS intake 6287 Release to family/refer to DJS Detain/DJS transports to detention center (700) ALOS = 1 day $759/day – boys $704/day – girls --MFR -- State’s Attorney Adjudication Resolved at intake (3294) Detention (517) ALOS 19.1 days $758/day Shelter Care (68) Pg 32 stat report $206/day— boys $254/day – girls DTC Petition 2996 Alternative to detention (2476) Petition denied 76 petition Filed 2917 $2624 per case $33.25 per 6 hours = $ or DTC report $ Intake costs: $33.31/hour UA $7.18 – boys UA $ girls CINS (77) $1077/child

25 Day review hearing Pending Placement (169) ALOS 40 Disposition Fact- Finding Arraignment/ detention hearing Probation (881) $25.06/day ALOP 183 days Staff Secure Hardware Secure Pending Disposition (205) Case dismissed/ stet/nol pros/other (1453) Committed (197) ALOS -172 days $624/day placement After- care (144) $758/day $288

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