1. JUVENILE JUSTICE In Minnesota

2. History of Juvenile Law  Originally, juvenile offenders were treated the same as adult criminals  Beginning in 1899, states began forming separate juvenile courts Why do you think states made this change?

3. How are minors different than adults?  Generally, minors are not as mature as adults. This means they may not have the experience or wisdom necessary to think about their decisions.  Minors may not realize the consequences of their actions.  Minors have less control over their own lives, and may be influenced by criminal adults.  We feel there is a greater chance that a child can change their behavior and straighten out.

4. What is the goal of Criminal Law?  Punishment  “Eye for an Eye”  Way for society to take revenge  Prevention  Discourage offender from committing crimes in the future  Discourage future offenders  Incapacitation  Lock up in jail  Protect society from offender  Rehabilitation  Focus on changing behavior to lead a productive life  Examples: vocational programs, counseling What do you think is the goal of juvenile justice?

5. Rehabilitation means to “restore to a useful life.” The Goal of Juvenile Justice is Rehabilitation.

6. Vocabulary - Adult Criminal SystemJuvenile System DefendantRespondent Trial by juryAdjudication, not all states give juveniles the right to a jury trial SentencingDisposition CrimeOffense CriminalJuvenile Offender GuiltyDelinquent Sentenced based upon offenseSentencing varies, many options

7. What Happens? Apprehended by police Petitioned for an offense Found by court to have committed offense Receive a disposition to be placed in a juvenile facility Juvenile SystemAdult Criminal System Arrested by police Charged with a crime Found guilty by court Sentenced to an adult correctional facility for a specified period of time

8. Minnesota Juvenile Justice System Apprehended Juvenile Court Disposition Hearing Trial Certified as an Adult/ Extended Jurisdiction Juvenile Child in need of protection Under age 10 at Time of offense Age 10-17 at time of offense Denies Charge Admits to offense charge Found to have committed charge Found not to have committed charge Dismissed Over 14 and charged with a felony

9. Apprehension – Getting Caught  Most apprehensions are done by police officers  If the juvenile is between 10 and 17 years of age, the case is referred to juvenile court and is considered rehabilitative  If the juvenile is younger the 10 years of age, the case is sent to juvenile court as a child in need of protection and social services becomes involved

10. Going to Court  Usually a bench trial which means the judge is the only fact finder and there is no jury  Judge determines if the youth is delinquent  If youth is determine delinquent, the judge sets a date for the disposition hearing

11. Some Possible Sentences in Juvenile Court  Fine  Counseling or Treatment  Community Service  Electronic Monitoring  Probation  House Arrest  Placement with someone other than a parent, such as in a group home  Juvenile Detention Facility  Adult Jail, if certified as an adult Judges often have the ability to give other sentences, as well.

12. When a Minor is Certified as an Adult  Decision is usually made at the Disposition Hearing  May be certified as an adult if:  Older than 14 years of age and charged with a felony (generally, a felony is a crime punishable by death or imprisonment for more than a year)  Age 16 or older and charged with first degree murder If convicted, will receive an adult sentence

13. Extended Jurisdiction Juvenile  Decision is usually made at the Disposition Hearing  Not Certified as an Adult, but may get an adult sentence in the future  Extended Jurisdiction Juvenile  Between 14 and 17 years of age and charged with a felony  Given a juvenile disposition and the adult sentence is stayed (put on hold) until the minor reaches 21  At 21 the adult criminal court will decide whether to enforce the adult sentence

14. What About My Record?  Juvenile Records are NOT always private.  If a 16 or 17 year old is charged with a felony, the record is public  If a minor is Certified as an Adult, the record is public  If a minor has an Extended Jurisdiction that results in an adult sentence, that is public  Driving violation records are always public

15. Possible Future Effects of a Juvenile Adjudication Record  Juvenile Adjudication Records, though private, can still be seen by certain employers and government agencies. As a result, such a record can result in:  May not be able to work with young children  Family may not be able to get public housing  May not be able to join the military or work in law enforcement  May not be allowed to own a firearm  May result in longer sentences if convicted of a crime in the future