Minerals and Rocks Mr. Weiss Team Blazers 3rd quarter 2010 &

Did you see the size of that rock on her finger? What is wrong with this statement? What is wrong with this statement?

Vocabulary for Minerals Mineral Mineral Crystal Crystal Magma Magma Silicates Silicates Hardness Hardness Luster Luster Cleavage Fracture Gem Streak Solution

What is a mineral? Mineral - A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms. Mineral - A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms. Some Examples of minerals Some Examples of minerals Quartz Quartz Topaz Topaz Calcite Calcite Diamond Diamond Feldspar Feldspar

Characteristics Formed naturally Formed naturally Inorganic Inorganic Element or compound Element or compound Crystalline solids Crystalline solids

Structure Crystal - A solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patters. Crystal - A solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patters. Magma - Hot melted rock. Some crystals are created from magma. Magma - Hot melted rock. Some crystals are created from magma. Solution - A mixture in which one substance is completely and evenly mixed into another substance. Solution - A mixture in which one substance is completely and evenly mixed into another substance. Silicates - Minerals that are made of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O) Silicates - Minerals that are made of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)

Identifying Minerals Hardness - How easily a mineral can be scratched. Hardness - How easily a mineral can be scratched. Measured by the Mohr scale: 1-10 (Diamond is a “10”, the hardest mineral) Measured by the Mohr scale: 1-10 (Diamond is a “10”, the hardest mineral) Copy diagram on the bottom of page 69 in science books. Copy diagram on the bottom of page 69 in science books.

Identifying Minerals Luster - The way a mineral reflects light Luster - The way a mineral reflects light

Identifying Minerals Streak - The color of a mineral when it is in powdered form. Streak - The color of a mineral when it is in powdered form.

Identifying Minerals Cleavage - The way that a mineral breaks along it’s edges is smooth. Cleavage - The way that a mineral breaks along it’s edges is smooth. Fracture - When a mineral breaks with an uneven or jagged edge. Fracture - When a mineral breaks with an uneven or jagged edge. See pictures on page 71 of Science book. See pictures on page 71 of Science book.

Uses of Minerals Gems - Rare, beautiful and expensive. Clearer, brighter and more colorful. Gems - Rare, beautiful and expensive. Clearer, brighter and more colorful. Always more valuable than regular minerals Always more valuable than regular minerals Largest Diamond in the world is the “Hope Diamond”. Largest Diamond in the world is the “Hope Diamond” carats -->

Uses of Minerals Ores - deposits in which a mineral exists in a large enough amount that the mineral can be mined for a profit. Ores - deposits in which a mineral exists in a large enough amount that the mineral can be mined for a profit. Examples Examples Iron Iron Aluminum Aluminum Titanium Titanium

Rocks - Vocabulary Rock Rock Rock Cycle Rock Cycle Igneous Igneous Intrusive Intrusive Lava Lava Extrusive Extrusive Basaltic Basaltic Granitic Granitic Andesitic Metamorphic Foliated Nonfoliated Sediments Sedimentary Compaction Cementation

What is a Rock? Common Rock - a mixture of such minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter or other materials. Common Rock - a mixture of such minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter or other materials. Most rock contains one or more rock forming minerals such as feldspar, mica or calcite. Most rock contains one or more rock forming minerals such as feldspar, mica or calcite.

The Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle - The rock cycle illustrates how the process that creates and changes the three types of rocks. Rock Cycle - The rock cycle illustrates how the process that creates and changes the three types of rocks. The rock cycle shows the three types of rocks - igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary - and the process that forms them. The rock cycle shows the three types of rocks - igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary - and the process that forms them.

Igneous rock Igneous Rocks - When hot magma cools and hardens, it forms igneous rock. Igneous Rocks - When hot magma cools and hardens, it forms igneous rock. Magma - Melted rock beneath the earth’s surface. Magma - Melted rock beneath the earth’s surface. Lava - Magma that reaches the earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes. Lava - Magma that reaches the earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes.

Igneous Rock Intrusive rock - Rocks that form from magma below the surface. Their visual appearance shows individual crystals interlocked together to form the rock mass Intrusive rock - Rocks that form from magma below the surface. Their visual appearance shows individual crystals interlocked together to form the rock mass

Igneous Rock Extrusive Rocks - Formed on the surface as lava cools. They are characterized by fine-grained textures because their rapid cooling at or near the surface did not provide enough time for large crystals to grow. Extrusive Rocks - Formed on the surface as lava cools. They are characterized by fine-grained textures because their rapid cooling at or near the surface did not provide enough time for large crystals to grow.

Igneous Rock Volcanic Glass - rocks that cooled so quickly that few or no mineral grains formed Volcanic Glass - rocks that cooled so quickly that few or no mineral grains formed EXAMPLES - OBSIDIAN, SCORIA, PUMICE EXAMPLES - OBSIDIAN, SCORIA, PUMICE

Classifying Igneous Rock Intrusive or Extrusive Intrusive or Extrusive 3 types of both intrusive or extrusive 3 types of both intrusive or extrusive 1. Basaltic - dense, dark colored rock 2. Granitic - light colored, lower density rocks. 3. Andesitic - mineral compositions between basaltic and granitic.

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks - rocks that have changed due to changes in temperature and pressure or the presence of watery fluids. Metamorphic Rocks - rocks that have changed due to changes in temperature and pressure or the presence of watery fluids.

Metamorphic Metamorphic rocks can form from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks through heat and pressure. Heat and pressure occurs below the surface of the earth. The deeper the hotter and higher the pressure.

Classifying Metamorphic Rock Foliated - When mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers. Example - Slate Nonfoliated - Mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers. Example - Marble