1. How is concrete different from a conglomerate rock? A. Concrete is human-made and conglomerate forms in nature. B. Concrete is grainy and conglomerate is smooth C. Concrete is solid and conglomerate is a sediment. D. Concrete is igneous and conglomerate is sedimentary. 1

2. What is the first step in the formation of a detrital sedimentary rock? A. Compaction of mineral grains and rock fragments B. Weathering and erosion of minerals & rocks C. Cementation of mineral grains and rock fragments D. Melting of mineral grains and rock fragments 2

3. The Mount Rushmore National Monument is carved from granite of South Dakota’s Black Hills. Granite is a mixture of interlocked minerals formed from cooling magma. Granite is categorized as what type of rock? A. Igneous B. Sedimentary C. Metamorphic 3

4. A stream flows through a mountainous area and plucks off grains of granite along the way. The chunks of granite are carried by the stream until the flowing water can hold them no longer and they drop to the bottom of a deep pool. Which part of the rock cycle does this activity represent? A. compaction and pressure to form new sediments B. Compaction and cementation to form new sediments C. Weathering and erosion of igneous rock to form new sediments 4

5. How do igneous rocks form? a. as water evaporates from a salty solution b. as molten material cools and solidifies c. as crystalline material melts d. as sand grains are compressed at Earth's surface 5

6. Which type of rock forms as a result of volcanic activity? a. evaporite b. detrital c. extrusive d. intrusive 6

7. What physical property of obsidian makes it useful as a tool? a. its rapid cooling rate b. its glassy luster c. the way it fractures d. its streak 7

8. How are metamorphic rocks classified by texture? a. as foliated or nonfoliated b. as detrital or organic c. as heated or pressurized d. as intrusive or extrusive 8

9. Select the BEST definition of a rock. a. a mixture of organic remains and synthetic materials b. a mixture of quartz, mica, hornblende, and feldspar c. a mixture of one or more minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic materials d. a mixture of halite and calcite 9

10. Select the most common extrusive igneous rock. a. granite b. Chert c. obsidian d. basalt 10

11. Which is true of intrusive rocks? a. They form as lava cools and solidifies above Earth's surface. b. They form as water dissolves minerals below Earth's surface. c. They form as magma cools and solidifies below Earth's surface. d. They form as water wears away minerals on Earth's surface. 11

12. How can heat and pressure change the appearance of mineral grains during the formation of a metamorphic rock? a. They may melt to form glass. b. They may weather to clay. c. They may flatten and line up. d. They may dissolve and form a geode. 12

13. The white cliffs of Dover are composed of which rock type? a. extrusive igneous b. organic sedimentary c. foliated metamorphic d. detrital sedimentary 13

14. Which of the following statements is true about rocks forming from cooling magma? a. If an igneous rock contains emeralds, the grains will be small. b. If the magma cools to form granite, the grains will be small. c. If the original magma temperature is high, the grains of the rock will be small. d. If the rate of cooling of magma is quick, the grains in the rock will be small. 14

15. Why are diamonds that are made in a laboratory not minerals? a. because they do not have a hardness of 10 on Mohs scale b. because they do not have crystalline structures c. because they do not have carbon in them d. because they did not occur in nature 15

16. What should one observe in a mineral sample that has cleavage? a. smooth, flat surfaces, shape b. a hardness less than 4 on the Mohs scale c. Choncoidal fracture d. jagged, uneven edges 16

17. What is the steak of a mineral? a. the color of a metallic mineral b. the way a mineral breaks c. the color of a mineral when it is powdered d. the color of unglazed porcelain 17

18. Why do minerals sometimes form when water evaporates in nature? a. The dissolved minerals in water become more concentrated and crystallize. b. The dissolved minerals in water become less concentrated and crystallize. c. The dissolved minerals in water cool down and begin to solidify. d. The dissolved minerals in water heat up and crystallize. 18

19. What is the luster of a mineral? a. how it reflects light b. how many shiny surfaces it has c. how it appears when rubbed on unglazed porcelain d. where it falls on the Mohs scale 19

20. Some rocks that spires (also know as hoodoos) of Utah’s Bryce Canyon are made of limestone and sandstone. What type of rock is limestone and sandstone? A. Igneous B. Metamorphic C. Sedimentary 20

21. Identify the crystals below as salt or epsom salt. 21

22. Identify the crystals below as salt or epsom salt. 22

23. Identify the names of the samples below and tell which one is a rock and which one is a mineral? 2324

24. Identify these samples as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. 26 28 27 25

25. 1.Closely observe the photograph of the rock in the first column 2.Read what happens to the rock in the second column. 3.Then determine the type of rock the sample becomes, igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic and then circle 4. the correct answer. 29 30 31 32 33

26. Based on the samples shown below, choose the one that does not belong and tell the name of the sample. Next give two reasons why it does not belong. A B C D 34