CBA #1 Study Guide

Neolithic Revolution Shift from Hunter-gatherers to producers of food Two important causes: learned to grow food and herd animals Effects: Rivers began to flood which led to abundance of crops. This led to first civilizations

Characteristics of Civilization Form of human culture Complex social institution Form of writing Some are able to read Use science and technology

Mesopotamia Located by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Polytheistic Sumerians- invented wheel and sailboat, Written Language Babylonians- Cuneiform writing, Code of Hammurabi first written law code.

Egypt Built Pyramids- Tomb for the Pharaoh (God-king of Egypt) Leader- Pharaoh Writing- Hieroglyphics Written Language

India Located by the Indus River Valley Trading occured

China Located by the Huang He (Yellow River) Government- Shang Dynasty was the ruling family

Contributions of Ancient Greeks Buildings and sculpting's build to ideal proportion Parthenon- constructed on the hill of the acropolis. Built for the goddess Athena after the Persian war. Athens- First Democratic city-state Sparta- Military city-state

Hammurabi’s Code Written by the Babylonians in Mesopotamia Covered daily life Ensure justice and protect the weak Example: If a man has destroyed the eye of a free man, his own eye shall be destroyed.

Justinian's Code Collected all the Roman laws and organized them into a single code Special laws relating to religion- must belong to Eastern Orthodox Must show proof of crime in court.

Twelve Tables Roman Law Code Government officials were not above the law Protected the Plebeians

Democracy Athens Greece People are source of power

Feudalism Exchange of Land for Service during the Middle Ages Main purpose: to protect the Empire and provide basic economic needs

Compare the Roman Empire to the Han Dynasty Both fell apart through invasions from nomadic people from central Asia

Role of Catholic Church During the Middle Ages During all the invasions the church provided a sense of unity and security. It was source of learning (read and write)

Role of Women during the Middle Ages Women were to be obedient to men Must be submissive to men in public and private life Woman’s lifestyles varied depending on social status

Magna Carta Signed by King John in 1215 in England Limited the Power of the King and established Parliament (law making body of England) Guaranteed Free men the right to trial by Jury

English Civil War Conflict between the King and Parliament Charles was tried for tyranny and became the first English King (monarch) to be executed Established supremacy of Parliament over the King

English Bill of Rights Established Parlianment superiority over the King. Established during the Glorious Revolution

Confucianism The Han, Tang, and Song Dynasties gave civil service exam based on Confucius texts. Founded by Confucious There is a natural order of the Universe Each person has a role in society and if every one fulfills their role the Universe will be in Harmony Rulers rule through the Mandate of Heaven

Daoism Based on teaching of Lao Tzu Nature has a way and people should accept the way and not resist it.

Buddhism

Characteristics of Byzantine Empire and its effects on early Russia Capital Constantinople Religion- Eastern Orthodoxy (does not recognize the Pope as head of church) Law code: Code of Justinian Contributed Eastern Orthodoxy and Acrylic Alphabet to Russia

Mongols Nomadic group who were excellent Horsemanship and fierce fighters, and use of Stirrups led to the rise of the Mongol Empire Leader Ghengis Khan Began to conquer many civilizations Their dominance in their big Empire, trade along the Silk Road was both protected and became more prosperous

Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato These men were Greek Philosophers Begin to ask important questions about what is goodness? What is morality and Justice? Condemned by the Church

Mansa Musa Leader of the Kingdom of Mali Made a religious Pilgrimage to Mecca Built a giant Mosque in the city of Timbuktu Greatest achievement is he increased the influence of Islam and Islamic culture

Genghis Khan Leader of the Mongol Empire Set out a career of conquests Was tolerant of other religions