Partners in Crisis: 2011 Annual Conference 1 Improving Responses to People with Mental Illnesses in the Criminal Justice System: Getting to the Next Level

National non-profit, non-partisan membership association of state government officials Represents all three branches of state government Provides practical, non-partisan advice informed by the best available evidence 2 Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project Reentry Policy Council and NRRC Justice Reinvestment

3 Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project Report (2002)

Support of Learning Sites Five Mental Health Court Learning Sites Six Law Enforcements Learning Sites – Houston (TX) Police Department – Los Angeles (CA) Police Department – Madison (WI) Police Department – Portland (ME) Police Department – Salt Lake City (UT) Police Department – University of Florida Police Department Council of State Governments Justice Center

Product Development Council of State Governments Justice Center APF Module on Working With Defendants with Mental Illnesses

Presentation Overview The Challenge: Unsustainable Corrections Systems The Goal: Getting Tough and Smart with Fewer Resources Getting to the Next Level in Florida 6

Growth in Spending on Corrections in MI Spending on corrections increased 57 percent over the past 10 years One out of every three state workers is employed by the Michigan Department of Corrections As a share of general fund expenditures, corrections grew from 16.2 to 22.6 percent Source: Data analyzed by Citizen’s Research Council.

Wisconsin Recidivism Rates Increasing Percent Returned to Prison Percent Returned to Prison Within Two Years Male37%41% Female23%29% Age at release (443) 38%55% (1574) 34%45% (1750) 35%41% (1356) 39%40% (1203) 37%42% (1995) 33%36% (517) 22%29% 60+ (109) 8%17%

Prison Population Growth Unsustainable

San Mateo County is set to sign off on a contract with San Jose mental health specialists to care for its seriously-mentally ill jail inmates. The cost? $1.7 million. This right after the county pulled $49 million out of its reserves and slashed other services by $27.3 million to balance its budget. The $1.7 Million Jail Bed By Chris RobertsChris Roberts | Monday, Jun 27, 2011

Incarceration & Crime Trends Incarceration Rate Violent Crime Rate NY -16% TX -8% FL +16% CA No Change NY -25% TX -6% FL -11% CA -16%

Corrections in the Crosshairs Growth in prison and jail populations is not fiscally sustainable. Current level of investment not yielding adequate outcomes. Public is unappreciative of investments currently being made. Policymakers are without the comprehensive, timely, independent information to help them understand how to get more for their money

Presentation Overview The Challenge: Unsustainable Corrections Systems The Goal: Getting Tough and Smart with Fewer Resources Getting to the Next Level in Florida 16

17 Assigning the Right People to the Right Programs … state funding for community corrections programs has increased, but a lack of admission criteria for these programs makes them less cost- effective at diverting offenders …

Residential Programs in One Large State Had Varied Impacts on Recidivism, but Usually Made Low Risk Offenders Worse 18 * Results for all participants

Treatment Effects for High Risk Offenders in HWH/CBCFs Tend to Produce Better Outcomes for Most Programs 19 * Results for all participants

Re-Offense Rates by Risk Distribution by Risk Level Assessing for Risk: Validating the Risk Assessment Instrument in Wisconsin Re-offense refers to a new offense

Assign High-Risk Populations to Most Intensive Community-Based Supervision and Treatment Criminogenic Risk Clinical Need Low High Low

Justice Reinvestment in Ohio

Justice Reinvestment in North Carolina

TOUGHSMART Hold offenders accountable for the harm they caused and prevent them from reoffending Ensure that dollars have the greatest impact on crime at the least cost Long sentences to punish and incapacitate serious, violent & repeat offenders Probation supervision & cost- effective sanctions/treatment for nonviolent offenders Mandating supervision for the 15,000 felons currently released from prison unsupervised Ensuring swift and certain sanctions for violations of supervision Increasing sentences for repeat B&E offenders on the second conviction Focusing supervision & treatment on offenders that will benefit the most Increasing access to treatment in the community Providing second chance incentives for first time felony drug offenders North Carolina’s criminal justice system embodies this framework with: The Justice Reinvestment Act (H 642) strengthens this framework by: Justice Reinvestment in North Carolina Big Picture Justice Reinvestment in North Carolina

Actual Population JR Impact Status Quo Forecast

Presentation Overview The Challenge: Unsustainable Corrections Systems The Goal: Getting Tough and Smart with Fewer Resources Getting to the Next Level in Florida 27

County Level Case Study 28 N (%) Offense CategoryNo Psych MedsPsych Meds Felony507 (37.3)56 (45.5) Misdemeanor745 (54.9)64 (52.0) Other106 (7.8)3 (2.4) Total1358 (100)123 (100)

Average Length of Stay in Days Release Type No Psych Meds (N = 981) Psych Meds (N = 88) Bonded Out935 Court Order2157 To Prison8767 To Other Agency3377 Other Comparing Lengths of Stay for New Arrest/Pretrial Percent of All Release Types within Group Release Type No Psych Meds (N = 981) Psych Meds (N = 88) Bonded Out3325 Court Order3432 To Prison43 To Other Agency1110 Other1017 Not Released813

Comparing Lengths of Stay: A Closer Look 30 Average Number of Days Blue: No Psych Meds Red: Psych Meds Length of Stay by Release Type and Offense Category

Recap: CJ/MH Diversion Flow 31 Arrest Court -- Initial AppearanceDetained Pending Pretrial / DispositionTrial / Sentencing Booked: 5,261 Pretrial Conference Bond 65 Participants in MHC Jail Process Court Process LE Process Medical and MH Screen MI ≈ 1,052 using 17% estimate ≈ 800 using psych med proxy Other Referral Sources: Bail Commissioner:1 Family: 1 Treatment Team: 2 Self: 4

Getting to the Next Level in Florida: Key Elements Screen / Assess for Criminogenic Risk / Mental Illness Use results to inform services / supervision. Ensure availability/effectiveness of services Respond effectively to compliant/noncompliant behavior

Presentation Overview The Challenge: Unsustainable Corrections Systems The Goal: Getting Tough and Smart with Fewer Resources Getting to the Next Level in Florida 33

Thank You CONTACT Michael Thompson Director wwww.justicecenter.csg.org The presentation was developed by members of the Council of State Governments Justice Center staff. Because presentations are not subject to the same rigorous review process as other printed materials, the statements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be considered the official position of the Justice Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the funding agency supporting the work.