© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3: Migration The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration A type of mobility –Migration is a permanent move to a new location –Migration = relocation diffusion Emigration Migrating from a location Immigration Migrating to a location. Net Migration –The difference between the # of immigrants and the number of emigrants

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Case Study Migrating from Uruguay to Russia Russia Stage 4 country NIR –0.3 CBR of 12 (one of the worlds lowest) – Family planning, pessimism CDR of 15 (one of the worlds highest) – Poor health practices, Alcoholism Russia launched an immigration program in 2006 to induce immigration and curb their population decline. Response has been low mainly because people do not want to move back to Russia.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Issue 1 Why Do People Migrate?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Push and pull factors Push factor – induces people to move out of their present location. Pull factor – induces people to move into a new location.

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Refugees: Sources and Destinations Figure 3-2

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Reasons for migration …Economic …Cultural factors …Political factors –Most people migrate for economic reasons:

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Economic Poverty in Less Developed Countries

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Reasons for migration –Push and pull factors Environmental factors –Pulled towards physically attractive ones. –Pushed from hazardous ones.

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starvation Some people migrate due to Environmental factors Migration due to environment problems

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Reasons for limited migration Intervening obstacles »transportation »Primarily environmental (Bodies of water) »Passports and Visas »money

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Distance of migration –Ravenstein’s Theories Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country. Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Internal migration –Two types: »Interregional migration = movement from one region to another »Intraregional migration = movement within a region

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International migration is most common in countries that are in stage 2 of the demographic transition Migration Transition

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Migration International and Internal

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Two types of Migration: –Voluntary –Forced

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Voluntary Migration

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Interregional Migrations U.S. population has been moving Westward and Southward  Gold Rush (1849) and Donner Party just the most dramatic examples of hardship. –Wells, Pumps, Aqueducts, Mosquito Control and Air Conditioning have allowed this move which otherwise would be impossible.  Loss of Industrial Jobs in east compliments increase in Sunbelt service sector (biotech, communications).

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Forced Migration

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Key Term: Forced Migration

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Slaves Reaching British North America, (in 1,000s) Slide graphic courtesy of Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Hofstra University

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Characteristics of migrants –Most long-distance migrants are

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do People Migrate? Characteristics of migrants –Gender –Family status