The French Revolution Part C

1.Who were the Sans-Culottes? Revolutionaries from common backgrounds who proudly bragged that they did not wear knee britches, the preferred attire of aristocrats The term, sans-culottes, means “without short pants” Over time, however, the sans-culottes became known as revolutionary radicals who advocated fundamental change to French society

2. Who was Georges Danton? A French revolutionary who served for a time as Minister of Justice Later, he would be guillotined during the Reign of Terror. 3. Who was Jean-Paul Marat? An eccentric revolutionary propagandist who published a radical journal entitled, L’ami du peuple (The Friend of the People). Marat was a failed amateur scientist but a skilled molder of public opinion. Marat suffered from a skin condition (likely contracted while living in the sewers of Paris during hard times), and was thus often confined to medicinal baths 4. What became of Jean-Paul Marat He was assassinated by a woman. She stabbed him to death as he was taking one of his frequent baths. Jacques Louis David immortalized the assassination of Marat in a painting known was, The Death of Marat, a work in which the dead Marat lies in repose much as other artists depicted the crucified Christ.

5. Again, what did the National Convention do on September 21, 1792? Abolished the monarchy Established France as a Republic, heretofore, The First Republic (Currently France is on its fifth republic)

6. Who were the Jacobins? It was a revolutionary group in France that, over time, became something of a political party that advocated great social change for France In time, it split into two major factions: The Girondins and The Montaigne (The Mountain).

7. Who were the Girondins? Jacobins who were generally from the French countryside who were more cautious about pushing too much, too soon. They advocated keeping the king alive. They feared the true radicals from Paris. 8. Who were The Montaigne (The Mountain)? These were some of the most radical Jacobins They advocated putting Louis XVI to death, and they succeeded in doing so on January 21, 1793

9. What was the Guillotine? A device designed to cut off human limbs or heads in a more efficient and humane way Prior to the guillotine, axes had proven to be less efficient in that multiple chops were often needed to sever a head from a body The guillotine utilized a heavy falling metal blade that descended to the neck along guiding tracks. The weight of the blade and the accuracy of its path ensured a good smooth cut It became known as The National Razor

10. In Paris, what body put pressure on the National Convention to implement radical social change? The Paris Commune 11. How did much of Europe react to the execution of France’s Louis XVI? Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, and the Dutch Republic took up arms against Revolutionary France Again, the French Revolution faced the possibility of being extinguished

12. To meet this external threat, the National Convention gave what body broad powers to defend the Revolution? The Committee of Public Safety 13. Who first dominated the Committee of Public Safety? Georges Danton

14. In time, who came to dominate the Committee of Public Safety? Maximilien Robespierre 15. Under Robespierre, the Committee of Pubic Safety put what into effect? The Reign of Terror