1. Radicalization of the French Revolution

2. After the Flight of the King 21 September 1792
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
NATIONAL CONVENTION
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCY
REPUBLIC

3. Main Factions: Jacobins Dominant from 1792-1794 Extreme radicals
Support from Urban areas
Robespierre, Danton and Marat
“The Mountain”
“Left Wing”
The Plain
Support went both directions
Abbe Sieyes
“Centrists”
Girondins
Dominant until 1792
Constitutional Monarchists
Support from Rural areas
“Right Wing”

4. National Assembly - 1789 CENTER RIGHT LEFT Moderates Girondin Nobles
Jacobin
Speaker

5. Key Jacobins Robespierre: Known as “the Incorruptible”
“Terror without Virtue is disastrous.
Virtue without Terror is powerless.”
The most extreme leader of the French Revolution

6. Key Jacobins Danton: Rallied the French in the War with Austria
Did not support the Terror to the extent of Robespierre

7. Key Jacobins Marat: A Radical Journalist Called for blood in his
publications
Contracted a skin disease from living in the sewers of Paris
(Part IV – 0:30 to 3:00)

8. First decisions of the NATIONAL CONVENTION
All titles were banned
Subjects were hailed “citoyen” or “citoyenne” (citizen)
What should the new Republic do about the enemies of the Revolution?

9. Austria attempts to Free Louis XVI
Sans-culottes
#5 (5:50 – 9:33)

10. War with Austria April 1792 - 1797
The Girondins supported the war with Austria
Robespierre was against going to war
Great Powers of Europe were afraid the Revolution would spread
Countries allied against France: Austria, England, Prussia, Spain, Savoy, Holland

11. War with Austria

12. The September Massacres 1792
How did Marat justify the slaughter of all the political prisoners?
1000 political prisoners were killed in less that one week
Some had been prisoners for three years

13.  The above caricature was taken from a 1792 British cartoon, published immediately after the September Massacres in Paris.

14. January 21st, 1793
December 1792: Louis XVI (Citizen Capet) placed on trial for treason
Condemned to death by guillotine
Distribution of Convention votes
Guilty:
Innocent: 334
Which group was in favor of sparing the King?

15. Execution of King Louis XVI & Marie-Antoinette
“Come all the kings of Europe against us and we will hurl at their feet in defiance, the head of a king” ~ Danton
#6: (3:00 to 6:12; #7 1:30 to 6:15)

16. Reign of Terror – Sept 1793
#7 8:30 to end; #8 2:50 to 5:00

17. Consequences of Terror 1793-1794
20,000 – 25,000 suspects guillotined
17,000 is the official count
40,000 people killed
Suspected Monarchists and Girondins liable to summary execution

18. Executions During the Reign of Terror
What, if anything do you find surprising about this chart?

19. What was the only possible way for the Reign of Terror to end?
With the death of the Jacobins

20. The Revolution Consumes its own
Marat is stabbed to death by a Girondin sympathizer

21. April 6th, 1794 Execution of Danton He wanted to end the Terror
Robespierre disagreed

22. Execution of Robespierre July 28th, 1794
This was a key turning point
Guillotined without a trial
Over 90 Jacobin supporters executed
End of the radical ideological component of the Revolution

23. Constitution of 1795 Creation of the DIRECTORY (1796-1799)
The Terror comes to an end
Pressure from financial issues & food shortages remained
The climate was ripe for a military
coup d’etat