A key concern for many Americans was that the Constitution did not adequately protect citizens’ rights. Many wanted a “bill of rights”, which was already in many state constitutions. In 1791, they got their wish.

First on the agenda for Congress in March of 1789 was drafting a bill of rights. Congress passed a series of amendments that year, requiring a “yes” vote from over ¾ of the states. By December 1791, the Bill of Rights was ratified.

Freedom of religion – government cannot establish an official religion or prevent anyone from practicing their own religion. Sometimes this has caused a stir. What role do you think religion should play in government?

Freedom of speech – government cannot prevent people from speaking freely. Under old English common law, this was implied to mean that the government cannot prevent free speech. It did not prevent the government from punishing you afterwards. You could be punished for inciting violence, treason, libel (false statements) about a person, shouting “Fire!” in a crowded room, etc.

Is it legal for the KKK to march and express their views openly?

If you shouted “Fire” in a crowded room, would that be legal?

Freedom of the press - the government cannot censor the media or arrest journalists for critical statements. Like ordinary citizens, journalists can be held accountable for libel. Do you think reporters should be able to report on whatever they want, even if it is true?

Freedom of Assembly and Petition – As a US citizen you have the right to peacefully assemble and to petition the government for change The 99% Is it ever illegal to assemble?

Every citizen has the right to own a firearm, and every state has the right to have a militia. Do you think every citizen should be able to own a gun?

No soldiers are to be quartered in your house during peace. During war only when prescribed by law.

No unreasonable searches and seizures. To search somebody or arrest them, a warrant is needed.

Right to Due Process. No Double Jeopardy Protection from self incrimination

You have the right to fair and speedy trial in the place where the crime was committed by an impartial jury. You have the right to a lawyer, to know the charges against you, to see your accuser, and to have witnesses in your favor.

Trial by Jury Roots in which documents? No cruel and unusual punishment and no excessive bail. How does this encourage democracy?

Citizens are entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution Powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the people and states