By: Wilmer Arellano FIU Spring 2009

Overview s Introduction to Proposal Style General Recommendations ▫Section Headings ▫References Title Page

References One of the most impressive sites regarding technical writing. I encourage you to visit this Website. Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab (OWL) IEEE (2006) TRANSACTIONS, JOURNALS, AND LETTERS, Information for Authors. Retrieved January 10, 2008 from IEEE Web site: f C.W. POST CAMPUS APA Citation Style. Retrieved January 10, 2008 from Long Island University Web site:

s When you me please: ▫Copy all your team members ▫Include team ID in your subject ▫Include all the team names in the signature

Introduction to Proposal Style Technical reports are used to communicate the results of: ▫research, ▫field work, ▫proposals and other activities. Often, a report is the only concrete evidence of your work. The quality of the project may be judged directly by the quality of the writing. Most technical reports contain the same major sections, although the names of the sections vary widely, and sometimes it is appropriate to omit sections or add others. Always check for specific requirements and guidelines before beginning to write your research report.

General Recommendations 1.A 12-point Times New Roman font and single line spacing should be used for the text. 2.Headings can be done in bold or using a larger font. 3.1” page margins have to be used. 4.The report pages have to be numbered throughout.

General Recommendations Start all your sections with an opening paragraph. ▫Do not start with a Figure, a Table or a Result When Possible use bulleted or numbered lists to highlight different ideas, topics or other Items. ▫See next example

Section Headings Primary section headings within papers are enumerated by Roman numerals and are centered above the text. For the purpose of typing the manuscript only, primary headings should be capital letters. Sample: I. PRIMARY HEADING (TEXT) Secondary section headings are enumerated by capital letters followed by periods (“A.”, “B.”, etc.) and are flush left above their sections. The first letter of each word is capitalized. In print the headings will be in italics. Sample: A. Secondary Heading (TEXT)

Section Headings Tertiary section headings are enumerated by Arabic numerals followed by a parenthesis. They are indented, run into the text in their sections, and are followed by a colon. The first letter of each important word is capitalized. Sample: 1) Tertiary Heading: (TEXT) Quaternary section headings are rarely necessary but are perfectly acceptable if required. They are identical to tertiary headings except that lowercase letters are used as labels and only the first letter of the heading is capitalized. Sample: a) Quaternary Heading: (TEXT)

References It is important to include a References section at the end of a report in which you list your other sources. Informal or short reports may not have a references section or only a short one while more formal reports will likely have reference sections, sometimes very lengthy ones.

References Books: Author. (year, month day). Title. (edition) [Type of medium]. volume (issue). Available: site/path/file ▫Example: ▫[1] J. Jones. (1991, May 10). Networks. (2nd ed.) [Online]. Available: Journals: Author. (year, month). Title. Journal. [Type of medium]. volume (issue), pages. Available: site/path/file ▫Example: ▫[2] R. J. Vidmar. (1992, Aug.). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3), pp. 876–880. Available: Papers Presented at Conferences: Author. (year, month). Title. Presented at Conference title. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file ▫Example: [3] PROCESS Corp., MA. Intranets: Internet technologies deployed behind the firewall for corporate productivity. Presented at INET96 Annu. Meeting. [Online]. Available: Website Lynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved October 8, 1997, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site: Article from an Internet Database Mershon, D. H. (1998, November-December). Star trek on the brain: Alien minds, human minds. American Scientist, 86, 585. Retrieved July 29, 1999, from Expanded Academic ASAP database Last two examples from:

References Reports and Handbooks: Author. (year, month). Title. Company. City, State or Country. [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file ▫Example: ▫[4] S. L. Talleen. (1996, Apr.). The Intranet Architecture: Managing information in the new paradigm. Amdahl Corp., CA. [Online]. Available: Computer Programs and Electronic Documents: ISO recommends that capitalization follow the accepted practice for the language or script in which the information is given. ▫Example: ▫[5] A. Harriman. (1993, June). Compendium of genealogical software. Humanist. [Online]. Available Message: get GENEALOGY REPORT

Title The title page contains several main pieces of information

ABSTRACT An ABSTRACT can be the most difficult part of the research report to write because in it you must: ▫introduce your subject matter, ▫tell what was done, ▫and present selected results, ▫all in one short (about 50 to 250 words) paragraph. The most common type of ABSTRACT is the informative abstract. A good way to develop an informative abstract is to devote a sentence or two to each of the major parts of the report.

Double click on the white area of this slide to open the Word page that contains the Title Page. Copy the entire Title Page and paste it into a new Word 2007 document. My example does not have any formatting. Please use some creativity here

Insert a new page

 Copy and Paste the outline into your document  Delete information regarding to Title page

 Remove all numbering and formatting  Select the whole outline and click Style Normal  Don’t Forget to delete additional comments

 Insert a page break as the one inserted before for: ABSTRACT Center them and use Bold All Capital letters

 Insert a Page Break as indicated in the next slide, just Before the first letter of each section starting with Executive Summary  This is a different type of page break

Click on the pull down arrow of breaks in the Page Layout menu and select next page

 One Example

 Another Example  Observe that Sub Sections must remain within their section

Select Define New Multilevel List

Select levels 1 thru 4 and: Set for all levels : Number Alignment Left Aligned at: 0” Text Indent.25” Link levels to style headings 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively

Edit the Headings according to IEEE style Click the pull down arrow

 Center Primary Heading

 Use Italics for secondary, tertiary and quaternary headings

 Use automatic color for all headings

 Use Bold for all headings

Apply the new style to the Introduction

This is how it would look like

Click on the pull down arrow of the citation button. Insert new Citation Source so that a reference that you enter here will appear automatically in the table of references

Put the cursor where you want to add a reference

This time click the Citation button in the center and then select the citation from the list.

Insert figure and table captions so they will appear automatically in the list of figures

Insert figure citations to the figures, just as we did before

 In the same form you should introduce caption for tables.  Make sure that you select Table from the pull down menu

 Word 2007 handles page numbers independently for the different “Document Sections”  According to the way the page breaks were inserted, each chapter is a MS Word Section

 Go to the first page, click somewhere on it and from the Insert Menu select Page number

 Go to the first page, click somewhere on it and from the Insert Menu select Page number (Make sure to use the pull down arrow)  This will number both sections of the document

 Now click just before the first letter of each chapter and from the insert menu select Format Page Numbers  This will give different number format for the chapters

 Go to the title page and double click on the page number  Follow instructions in the next slides

 Double click on the number and then click Different First Page.  Do not exit this menu

 In the same menu, select Format Page Numbers

 Select lower case roman numbers: i, ii, ii  This concludes this step

Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables

 You must have a blank page after the Title Page  Insert six line feeds and position the cursor in the first one  From the Reference Menu select Table of Contents  This will insert your Table of Contents

 Position the cursor in the third of the line feeds  In the same page and from the same menu select Insert Table of Figures  This will insert your Table of Figures

 This same exact procedure is used to insert the List of Tables  Select Table from the Pull Down

 Click on the References Page and insert the references

 This procedure will create an extra heading, delete it

 The table of Contents, The List of Figures, List of Tables and the References must be updated manually when you change your document  Right click on each table and select Update Field  Later select Update Entire Table if you are offered the option