Astronomy MID-TERM REVIEW

1. HOW DOES THE EARTH MOVE IN SPACE? Revolution

1. HOW DOES THE EARTH MOVE IN SPACE? Rotation Spins on its axis Takes 24 hours

2. WHAT CAUSES THE SEASONS? The TILT of the Earth!!!! animation

MATCHING 3. B 4.D 5.G 6.E or F 7.E OR F 8.A 9.C

10. WHAT DETERMINES THE STRENGTH OF THE FORCE OF GRAVITY BETWEEN 2 OBJECTS? Distance between objects…the closer they are the stronger the pull of gravity Size of the objects…the bigger they are they more the pull of gravity

11. WHAT TWO FACTORS COMBINE TO KEEP THE MOON AND THE EARTH IN ORBIT? Gravity—pulling it towards the Sun Inertia-objects in motion stay in motion

MATCHING 12.B 13.D 14.A 15.F 16.C 17.E 18.G

19. WHAT CAUSES THE PHASES OF THE MOON? Phases depend on how much of the lit side of the moon we see on Earth Takes days to complete the cycle…about a month

20. LABEL THE PHASES OF THE MOON

21. WHAT ARE SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSES? Solar Eclipse

21. WHAT ARE SOLAR AND LUNAR ECLIPSES? Lunar Eclipse

22. WHAT CAUSES THE TIDES? The Alignment of the Sun, moon, and the Earth. The Moon has a stronger pull because it is so close to the Earth Spring Tide Neap tide

MATCHING 23. B 24. G 25. A 26. E 27. C 28. D 29. F

30. WHAT OBJECTS MAKE UP THE SOLAR SYSTEM? Sun Moon 8 Planets Asteroids, comets, meteroids

31. WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE SUN’S INTERIOR?

32. WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DO THE INNER PLANETS HAVE IN COMMON? Small Solid or rocky No rings Few or no moons

33. WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DO THE OUTER PLANETS HAVE IN COMMON? HUGE Made out of gas Many rings Many, many moons

34. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMETS? Ice, dust and rocky particles caught in an orbit around the Sun

35. WHERE ARE THE MOST ASTEROIDS FOUND? In the asteroid belt between the inner and outer planets

36. WHAT ARE METEOROIDS AND HOW DO THEY FORM? Chunks of rock or dust in space They typically come from asteroids or comets They do not have a set orbit Meteoroid  Meteor  Meteorite

37. WHAT IS A STAR SYSTEM? Stars that are members of groups of 2 or more stars

38. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR TYPES OF GALAXIES? Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular They are groups of stars bound together by Gravity We live in a spiral Galaxy called the Milky Way

MILKY WAY-TOP VIEW Sun s location

MILKY WAY-SIDE VIEW Sun’s location

39. WHAT IS THE BIG BANG THEORY? Enormous explosion that created our universe Continues to expand today

40. HOW DID THE SOLAR SYSTEM FORM? About 5 billion years ago a cloud of dust collapsed to form the Sun and the planets The planets formation is called the Dust Cloud Theory

41. WHAT DO ASTRONOMERS PREDICT ABOUT THE FUTURE OF THE UNIVERSE? Continue to expand further and further apart Expand to a point, then snap back like a rubber band

H-R DIAGRAM

WHAT TYPE OF ECLIPSE IS THE PICTURE SHOWING? 1.Lunar 2.Solar

WHAT PHASE OF THE MOON IS LOCATED AT “A” A 1.First quarter 2.Third quarter 3.Full Moon 4.New moon

APPROXIMATELY HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE EARTH TO MOVE FROM POSITION A TO POSITION B? 1.1 year 2.6 months 3.1 day 4.12 hours

WHICH SEASON IS OCCURRING IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE? 1.summer 2.autumn 3.winter 4.spring

A STUDENT DREW THE PICTURES BELOW TO SHOW HOW THE MOON LOOKED FROM EARTH OVER A TWO-WEEK PERIOD. THE DIFFERENCES SHOWN IN THE STUDENT’S DRAWINGS ARE MOSTLY DUE TO THE CHANGING 1.distance between Earth and the Moon 2.speed of the Moon in its orbit 3.position of the Moon in its orbit 4.position of the observer on Earth

WHICH STATEMENT BEST EXPLAINS WHY THE SUN AND THE MOON APPEAR TO BE ABOUT THE SAME SIZE IN THE SKY? 1.The Sun and the Moon have the same diameter. 2.The Moon is larger in diameter and farther from Earth than the Sun. 3.The Moon is smaller in diameter and is closer to Earth than the Sun. 4.The Sun and the Moon are the same distance from Earth

THE SUN APPEARS TO MOVE ACROSS THE SKY DURING THE DAY. THE BEST EXPLANATION FOR THIS APPARENT MOTION IS THAT EARTH IS … 1.rotating on its axis 2.revolving around the Sun 3.much smaller than the Sun 4.tilted on its axis

APPROXIMATELY HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO CYCLE FROM ONE NEW MOON TO THE NEXT NEW MOON? 1.A day 2.A week 3.A month 4.A year

THE DIAGRAM BELOW SHOWS FOUR MOON PHASES OBSERVED DURING JULY. ON WHICH DATE WOULD THE NEXT FULL MOON OCCUR? 1.August 7 2.August 14 3.August 21 4.August