1. The study of the universe.
Astronomy
The study of the universe.

2. The Big Bang Theory
Scientists explanation of the origin of the universe
Explosion caused matter to expand from the center out
Evidence - Microwave radiation, galaxy & star movement

3. The Universe Contains about 100 billion galaxies
Galaxy – a huge group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
Gravity – the attraction of two objects according to their relative masses.

4. The Known Universe (2016)
This picture of the known universe was created by Pablo Carlos Budassi combining maps from Princeton and images from NASA.

5. The Milky Way Galaxy
Consists of several hundred million stars

6. Extended arms with a bulge in the middle
Types of Galaxies-pg.138
Type
Sketch
Shape
Stars/Size
Spiral
(Milky Way)
Extended arms with a bulge in the middle
Large
Old stars in the middle
New stars in the arms
Elliptical
Sphere or egg shaped
Old stars only
Irregular
No definite shape
Small
Fewer stars

7. Star Characteristics
Brightness – determined by distance away from Earth and size
Size – named “dwarf” ,”giant” or “supergiant”

8. Temperature Range (C)
Color & Temperature
Color shows temperature (like camp fires)
Draw the table below. Fill in with pg. 125
Feel
Color
Temperature Range (C)
 Hottest
 Hot
 Medium
 Cool
 Coolest

9. Magnitude- measuring star brightness based on distance
Apparent magnitude – brightness of a star as it appears from Earth

10. Example – Star A = 0.15 brighter
Absolute magnitude – brightness of a star compared to other stars if they were next to each other
Brighter = smaller #
Example – Star A = brighter
Star B = 1.5

11. Life of a Star Animation
Use pg. 127
Fill in the diagram with labels and sketches in your science notebook
Write a 3-5 sentence summary about the steps in the life of a star
Low Mass
High Mass
Highest Mass

12. Closing Question: What factor determines the end result of a star’s life?
Raise your hand to answer:
Right hand = gravity
Left hand = mass

13. The Sun (Our star) Medium mass star Fueled by nuclear fusion
When hydrogen atoms combine to make helium until the hydrogen runs out

14. Earth, Moon, and Sun Revolution – spinning around another object
Earth revolves around the sun in days
Rotation – spinning on an axis (causes day & night)
Earth rotates on its axis once in 24hours

15. Seasons = different depending on location
Northern Hemisphere
Summer (June-August)
Southern Hemisphere
Winter (June-August)

16. Seasons – caused by tilt of Earth on its axis
Solstice = most direct or indirect sunlight
Winter Solstice = December 21/22
Shortest day (8-10 hours)
Summer Solstice = June 21/22
Longest day ( hours)
Equinox = equal sunlight
Vernal (Spring) Equinox – March 20/21
Autumnal Equinox – September 22/23
About 12 hours day and 12 hours night

17. Solstices & Equinoxes

18. Myths & Hypotheses about where the moon originated
Luna: Earth’s Moon
Myths & Hypotheses about where the moon originated

19. How was the moon created?
Let’s discuss…

20. The Accepted Theory…
A large body collided with Earth early in its formation
A part of Earth broke off
It was caught by Earth’s gravitational force forming the moon

21. Moon facts…
The moon does not produce light, it reflects the light from the sun
Phases are the shapes seen from Earth (shadows)
The moon completes a full set of phases each time it revolves around the Earth (every 28 days)

22. Phases of the Moon Waxing – Left Shadow (bigger)
New Moon
Waxing Crescent
First Quarter
Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous
Last Quarter
Waning Crescent
Waxing – Left Shadow (bigger)
Waning – Right Shadow (smaller)

23. Difference from Earth to Space
In Space = half is lit and half shadow
From Earth= You see lit and part of the shadow

24. Phases of the Moon – Space/Earth Views

25. Which moon phases are pictured?
New Moon
Waxing Gibbous

26. Eclipses Penumbra = light shadow on outside of an eclipse
Caused by shadows
Two types: Solar and Lunar
Definitions:
Penumbra = light shadow on outside of an eclipse
Umbra= dark center shadow of an eclipse

27. Lunar Eclipse Sun, Earth, Moon (Full Moon) Line up in above order
Earth’s shadow blocks moonlight
Occurs often
(Next one – April 12:01am)

28. Solar Eclipse August 21, 2017 Total: in 2205
Sun, Moon, Earth (New Moon)
Line up in above order
Moon’s shadow blocks some sunlight
Occurs rarely; seen in few places
Harmful to look at
Next in AZ
Partial:
August 21, 2017
Total:
in 2205

29. Tides
Caused by the moon and sun’s gravity pulling on Earth's oceans.

30. Tide Cycle Tides change every 6 - 8 hours
There are high tides and low tides

31. Spring Tides – Big change between high and low tides
Occur when the moon and sun line up with Earth
During a new moon or full moon

32. Neap Tides – Not much change
Occur when the moon is at a right angle to the Earth and sun
During a 1st Quarter or 3rd Quarter moon

33. Basically… the Sun and Moon Don’t want to share!!!
Spring and Neap Tides