1. Planets, Solar Systems, and Galaxies…..Oh my!

2. What is Earth’s address?
Our Place in Space…
What is Earth’s address?

3. Universe
Big Bang Theory is the leading scientific theory about the formation of the universe.
Occurred over 13.7 billion years ago
The universe continues to expand and galaxies move further apart
Cosmic Background Radiation is energy left over from the Big Bang

4. Formation of the Universe
The study of the origin, structure, and future of the universe is called cosmology.
The Big Bang Theory
(it’s not just a funny TV show!)
The beginning of the universe is to believe to have
begun with a colossal explosion (a BANG!)
Approx billion years ago
Matter condensed into galaxies, solar systems, suns,
and planets
Universe continues to expand away from this initial explosion

5. Milky Way Galaxy Contains about 200 billion stars
All of the stars you see in the night sky are in the Milky Way
All stars orbit around the inner region
Normal spiral galaxy

6. Solar System The sun takes up 99.86% of the solar system’s mass
Scientists hypothesize the solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago.
Made of 1 star; 8 planets and moons; 5 dwarf planets; asteroids; comets; and meteoroids

7. Planets Inner Planets Consists of the rocky planets Mercury Venus
Earth
Outer Planets
Gas Giants
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

8. Earth Only planet that can sustain life
Water exists in 3 states of matter
1 astronomical unit (AU) from the sun

9. Galaxies Galaxies are large groups of stars, dust, and gas
Three main types of galaxies
Spiral Galaxies
Elliptical Galaxies
Irregular Galaxies

10. This is the Hubble Space Telescope.

11. Hubble’s Tuning Fork Use your Hubble’s Tuning Fork Diagram
to help you identify these Galaxies:

12. Spiral Galaxies can be:
Ordinary
Barred
And made up of:
A bulge at the center
Spiral Arms
Examples:
Spiral - Milky Way (the home to our solar system)
Barred – NGC 1300

13. Elliptical Galaxies Elliptical galaxies have:
One third of all galaxies are simply massive blobs of stars, these are elliptical galaxies
Elliptical galaxies have:
Bright centers
Very little dust and gas
Contain mostly old stars

14. Irregular Galaxies
Irregular Galaxies do not fit into the elliptical or spiral groups. They make up ¼ of all galaxies in the universe
Do not have a distinct shape
No bulge at the center
No spiral arm

15. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

16. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

17. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

18. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

19. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

20. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

21. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

22. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

23. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

24. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

25. What Kind of Galaxy is This?

26. How many galaxies are here. What kind occurs most frequently
How many galaxies are here? What kind occurs most frequently? What is rarest?

27. What Kind of Galaxy is This?
The End

28. Planets in Motion Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion Remember:
Rotation: a planet spinning on its own axis…..represents a day
Revolution: a planet (or another object) that moves around a sun…..represents a year
Kepler’s Laws of planetary motion
Orbits are ellipses
When a planet is closer to the sun (during its orbit) they move faster, when farther away they move slower
Planets farther from the sun take longer to orbit the sun
Mercury orbits in 88 Earth days
Mars orbits in 687 days
Saturn orbits in Earth years!
Neptune orbits in Earth years
Pluto orbits in 248 Earth years

29. Huh????? Gravity pulls it all together!
The Law of Universal Gravitation
States that the force of gravity depends on the product of the masses of the objects divided by the square of the distance between the objects.
Huh?????
Basically…
Everything that has mass has gravity
The more mass, the more gravity
Everything pulls on everything else
The distance between objects determines the force of gravity
The closer objects are the greater the pull of gravity

30. Why doesn’t the moon crash into Earth because of Gravity??
Inertia…..
Inertia is an object’s resistance to change its speed or direction of movement…
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion
…An object at rest will stay at rest or an object in motion will stay in motion ………..unless an outside force acts on it.
In space there is no resistance to motion
because there is no air, so the moon keeps
moving, but gravity keeps the moon in orbit