African Global and Regional Issues Africa Today Chapter 6

Students will suggest several effects of each development based on the reading. The OAU was formed in 1963. Nations in southern Africa wanted to reduce their dependence on South Africa. The United States and the former Soviet Union competed for influence in Africa. The IMF and World Bank set qualifications for loans to African nations. The population of Africa is exploding

1. The OAU was formed in 1963. OAU – Organization for African Unity (’63) Goals - Political Support independence movements Promote peace Problem: nations did not like the interference AU – African Union (’02) – Economic Goal: Attract foreign investment and Economic cooperation Problems: unrealistic expectations, wanted overnight success

Also: Each nation joined the UN after independence Access to technology Access to world markets International cooperation – education, agriculture Peacekeeping forces Algeria, Libya, Nigeria joined OPEC Oil prices are controlled and help African nations profit from their oil reserves

And: British and French Influence Imperialistic ties unite African nations to Europe Commonwealth of Nations – British Allows for frequent interaction economically and politically between Britain and its former colonies Many nations have adopted the French franc as their currency

Regional cooperation = economic development 2. Nations in southern Africa wanted to reduce their dependence on South Africa. Regional cooperation = economic development Southern African development Coordination Conference (SADCC): Economic development Small nations working together to strengthen position in Africa and the world Improve transportation for landlocked nation and not use South African infrastructure UN: environmental, educational, agricultural development

3. The United States and the former Soviet Union competed for influence in Africa US and Soviet interest was in the natural resources Most African nations did not officially align with either country: nonalignment Both the US and Russia provided military, political, and economic influence

After the Cold War US and Russian leaders supported peace initiatives in Africa Many Civil Wars plagued the continent Namibia Sierra Leone Liberia Congo

4. The IMF and World Bank set qualifications for loans to African nations. African nations rely on global economy Prices for exports high = good for Africa Prices for exports low = bad for Africa African nations spend billions each year to repay loans Wealthy nations do not lend money because they fear the loans cannot be repaid Africa can get loans from World Bank and IMF if they reform their economies Reduce government controls and privatize

5. The population of Africa is exploding. Limiting Family Size Traditional family = Large Science & Technology to increase Food Production Needed to combat dry season Needed to combat pests & food disease Fighting Disease Major advances have combated tropical diseases (sleeping sickness & malaria) AIDS

And AIDS Greatest percentage of AIDS of the 7 continents Adults leave their children as orphans Creates economic burdens, destroys family ties and traditions Reduced life expectancy

Quick Check African nations organized regional groups to reduce the power of OPEC encourage economic cooperation and development support the Free World in the Cold War none of the above

Quick Check The Cold War affected Africa because the superpowers refused to build military bases in Africa refused to provide loans and economic aid to Africa. prevented African nations from joining the United Nations. competed to win influence among African nations

Quick Check For a long time, a major improvement in African agriculture has been a greater emphasis on subsistence farming. an increased dependence on a one-crop economy in many countries. a decreased reliance on irrigation systems. an increased use of scientific farming techniques.

Quick Check When African nations applied to the International Monetary Fund for loans, it forced them to decrease exports of raw materials increase government spending. reduce government controls of their economies set up programs to end urbanization.

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