Chin-Sung Lin Eleanor Roosevelt High School Computer Anatomy Chin-Sung Lin Eleanor Roosevelt High School

The Visible Part: Computer Hardware

What is a Computer? Main Memory Input Microprocessor Output Storage

What is a Computer?

What is a Computer?

System Unit

Motherboard

Back Panel Interface

PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse Connectors PS/2 Mouse PS/2 Keyboard

Audio Connectors Line In Audio Out Microphone In

VGA Connectors

HDMI Connectors

USB and Ethernet Connectors

Serial and Parallel Ports 25-pin Parallel Port 9-pin Serial Port

ATX Connector

IDE (PATA) Connector Parallel ATA (PATA) is an interface standard for the connection of storage devices such as hard disks, floppy drives, and optical disc drives in computers. It evolved in several stages from Western Digital's original Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface. 40 pins, 18 inch cable, width: 16 bits, bitrate: 16 MB/s originally, later 33, 66, 100 and 133 MB/s Max. devices 2 (master/slave). It has largely been replaced by Serial ATA (SATA) in newer systems.

SATA Connector Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. 7 pins, 1 m cable, width: 1 bit, bitrate: 600 GB/s Max. devices 1 (15 with port multiplier).

Advanced Graphics Port (AGP) The Accelerated Graphics Port (often shortened to AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer's motherboard, primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. AGP has been progressively phased out in favor of PCI Express (PCIe). The primary advantage of AGP over PCI is that it provides a dedicated pathway between the slot and the processor rather than sharing the PCI bus. In addition to a lack of contention for the bus, the direct connection allows for higher clock speeds. 32 bits. 2133 MB/s.

PCI Slot PCI: 32/64 bits, 33 MHz, 133 MB/s (standard configuration). 533 MB/s (64-bit at 66 MHz configuration). PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards. PCIe has numerous improvements over the aforementioned bus standards, including higher maximum system bus throughput, lower I/O pin count and smaller physical footprint, better performance-scaling for bus devices, a more detailed error detection and reporting mechanism (Advanced Error Reporting (AER)[1]), and native hot-plug functionality. For a 16-lane PCIe: v4.0: 31.51 GB/s. One device each lane.

Motherboard Interface

Motherboard

Processor

Processor

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Select A B Y 1

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Select A B Y 1

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Motherboard Chipset

Motherboard Chipset

Cache Memory Level 2 Cache Memory

Memory Hierarchy

Memory Hierarchy

Memory 72-pin SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module) 168-pin DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module)

Hard Drive

Hard Drive Capacity

Hard Drive Capacity

Solid State Drive (SSD)

Power Supply Unit

Motherboard

The Invisible Part: Computer Software

Software Layer Structure

Operating System

Desktop Operating System

Mobile Operating System

Types of Operating Systems Single-user, single-tasking Single-user, multi-tasking Multi-user, multi-tasking Real-time operating system

Single-User Single-Tasking Single user can effectively do one thing at a time. Also know as Embedded operating systems. Used in personal digital assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones.

Single-User Multi-Tasking Typical desktop and laptop operating systems such as Windows and Mac OS. Single user can run several programs at the same time.

Multi-User Multi-Tasking A multi-user operating system simultaneously allows many different users (hundreds or even thousands) to take advantage of the computer's resources. Unix, MVS, VMS are examples.

Real-Time OS (RTOS) The fastest OS which are used in time-critical environments/applications. Control machinery, scientific instruments, industrial systems, sophisticated medical equipment, airport traffic, space flights and high speed aircraft.

Operating System

Operating System

Functions of Operating Systems System Bootup Application Program Loading Hardware Resource Management Memory Management File System Management Security User Interface

Keep an on … Future Technology

Mobile Computing

Cloud Computing

Neuromorphic Chips

Quantum Computer

Q & A