AP US History Spring 2008

MuckrackersMuckrackers GooGoosGooGoos TemperanceTemperance SuffragettesSuffragettes PopulistsPopulists MidclassWomenMidclassWomen LaborUnionsLaborUnions CivilRightsCivilRights

2 nd Great Awakening Antebellum Reforms [1810s- 1850s] CIVICIVILWARCIVICIVILWAR Populism [1870s- 1890s] Social Gospel Progressivism [1890s-1920] 1920s Revivalism New Deal [1930s- 1940s] 1950s Revivalism Great Society & 1960s Social Movements Christian Evangelical Movement CONSERVATIVECONSERVATIVEREVOLUTIONREVOLUTIONCONSERVATIVECONSERVATIVEREVOLUTIONREVOLUTION The Culture Wars: The Pendulum of Right v. Left

Origins of Progressive Movement US was #1 industrial producer in the world US was #1 industrial producer in the world Trend of consolidation and cutthroat competition Trend of consolidation and cutthroat competition Widespread Corruption (business & political) Widespread Corruption (business & political) Problems for farmers and workers Problems for farmers and workers

These factors led to a New Generation of Americans By the 1890s, the Civil War generation was being replaced by a new generation By the 1890s, the Civil War generation was being replaced by a new generation People were disturbed by what it saw in America, particularly the decline of equality of economic opportunity and threats to political democracy People were disturbed by what it saw in America, particularly the decline of equality of economic opportunity and threats to political democracy These people became known as the Progressives These people became known as the Progressives

Progressive Era Defined: a broad-gauged response by Americans from many backgrounds and walks of life to the emergence of the US as a modern, urban, industrial, multi-cultural world power b/w 1890 and Impacted art literature, music education, relation, popular culture, race & ethnic relations, gender roles and family structures, labor-management interaction and economic conflict a broad-gauged response by Americans from many backgrounds and walks of life to the emergence of the US as a modern, urban, industrial, multi-cultural world power b/w 1890 and Impacted art literature, music education, relation, popular culture, race & ethnic relations, gender roles and family structures, labor-management interaction and economic conflict

Who was a Progressive? All social classes, but mostly: All social classes, but mostly: –Middle Class –Urban –Educated Professionals –Republicans, Democrats, and 3 rd Party supporters –Jane Addams and Hull House likely origin

What Progressives Did Expose Evils of American Life (muckrakers) Expose Evils of American Life (muckrakers) –Corruption in state and local governments –Poor working and living conditions –Bad business practices

Reforms Through Government Action: Political Primary and recall elections Primary and recall elections Referenda and Initiative Referenda and Initiative Destroyed Political Machines Destroyed Political Machines

Reforms Through Government Action: Economic Consumer Protection Laws Consumer Protection Laws Stronger Anti-Trust Laws and Enforcement Stronger Anti-Trust Laws and Enforcement New and Stronger Regulatory Commissions New and Stronger Regulatory Commissions Labor Laws Labor Laws

Reforms Through Government Action: Social Prohibition Prohibition Settlement Houses Settlement Houses Civil Rights for African Americans Civil Rights for African Americans Womens Suffrage Womens Suffrage Conservation Conservation

Progressive Achievements: Exposing Corruption Upton Sinclairs The Jungle Upton Sinclairs The Jungle Lincoln Steffens Shame of the Cities Lincoln Steffens Shame of the Cities Ida Tarbells History of Std Oil Company Ida Tarbells History of Std Oil Company Ray Bakers Following the Color Line Ray Bakers Following the Color Line

New Legislation Consumer Protection: Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Consumer Protection: Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) Anti-Trust Laws: Clayton Anti- Trust Act (1914), Federal Trade Commission Anti-Trust Laws: Clayton Anti- Trust Act (1914), Federal Trade Commission

New Legislation Elkins Act (1903), Hepburn Act (1906) Elkins Act (1903), Hepburn Act (1906) Child Labor Laws Child Labor Laws Constitutional Amendments: Constitutional Amendments: –16 th, 17 th, 18 th, 19 th

Prosecution of Trusts US v. No. Securities Co. (1904): 1 st successful prosecution and breakup of a trust US v. No. Securities Co. (1904): 1 st successful prosecution and breakup of a trust US v. Standard Oil (1911) US v. Standard Oil (1911) Coal Strike of 1902: TR sides with labor against mine owners (first time Presidents sides w/ labor) Coal Strike of 1902: TR sides with labor against mine owners (first time Presidents sides w/ labor)

End of Progressivism Movement began w/ great optimism but ended with great pessimism with WWIs legacy of isolationism and the reactionary 1920s that worsened race relations, exposed liberal groups (Red Scare ), greed of stock speculation Movement began w/ great optimism but ended with great pessimism with WWIs legacy of isolationism and the reactionary 1920s that worsened race relations, exposed liberal groups (Red Scare ), greed of stock speculation