II. Molecular Compounds (p. 164 – 172, 211 – 213)

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II. Molecular Compounds (p. 164 – 172, 211 – 213)

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Presentation transcript:

II. Molecular Compounds (p. 164 – 172, 211 – 213) Ch. 6 & 7 - Chemical Bonding II. Molecular Compounds (p. 164 – 172, 211 – 213)

Section 6-2: Covalent Bonding and Molecular Compounds Molecule = neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds Molecular compound = chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules Diatomic molecule = molecule containing only two atoms H2O Cl2

A. Energy of Bond Formation Potential Energy based on position of an object low PE = high stability

A. Energy of Bond Formation Potential Energy Diagram attraction vs. repulsion no interaction increased attraction

A. Energy of Bond Formation Potential Energy Diagram attraction vs. repulsion increased repulsion balanced attraction & repulsion

A. Energy of Bond Formation Bond Energy Energy required to break a bond Bond Energy Bond Length

A. Energy of Bond Formation Bond Energy Short bond = high bond energy

X O B. Lewis Structures 2s 2p Electron Dot Diagrams show valence e- as dots distribute dots like arrows in an orbital diagram 4 sides = 1 s-orbital, 3 p-orbitals EX: oxygen X 2s 2p O

Ne B. Lewis Structures Octet Rule Most atoms form bonds in order to obtain 8 valence e- Full energy level stability ~ Noble Gases Ne

B. Lewis Structures Example Electron Dot Notations: Ca P H C Ca P

B. Lewis Structures - + Nonpolar Covalent - no charges Polar Covalent - partial charges + -

B. Lewis Structures Multiple Bonds When atoms share more than one pair of electrons Have higher bond energies and are shorter than single bonds Double bonds – sharing two pairs of electrons between two atoms Triple bonds – sharing three pairs of electrons between two atoms

C. Molecular Nomenclature Prefix System (binary compounds) 1. Less e-neg atom comes first. 2. Add prefixes to indicate # of atoms. Omit mono- prefix on first element. 3. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.

C. Molecular Nomenclature PREFIX mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

C. Molecular Nomenclature CCl4 N2O SF6 carbon tetrachloride dinitrogen monoxide sulfur hexafluoride

C. Molecular Nomenclature arsenic trichloride dinitrogen pentoxide tetraphosphorus decoxide AsCl3 N2O5 P4O10

C. Molecular Nomenclature The Seven Diatomic Elements Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2 H N O F Cl Br I