The Civil War The North Gains Momentum 1863 - 1865 1863 - 1865.

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Presentation transcript:

The Civil War The North Gains Momentum

New York Draft Riots North Needs Recruits – the # of volunteers is falling and the war is long Draft Law Passed, but… $300 could buy you out… or you could find a sub… Irish riots when black replace them as workers on the docks. Threat of draft boosted enlistments enlistments

Three Battles Change the War Chancellorsville, VA - May 3 & 4, 1863 Lee, Jackson and Stuart beat a larger Union Army but Jackson dies of pneumonia after being shot 3 times.

Vicksburg, MS – May - July 1863 Grant moves down the Mississippi, captures Jackson MS, shelled Vicksburg from land and the river. Starves the rebels out – surrender on July 4th. Vicksburg, MS – May - July 1863 Grant moves down the Mississippi, captures Jackson MS, shelled Vicksburg from land and the river. Starves the rebels out – surrender on July 4th.

Gettysburg, PA – Gettysburg, PA – July 2 nd 3 rd & 4 th July 2 nd 3 rd & 4 th Lee’s planned invasion of the North dies here. 51,000 men died. South effort begins to slow and the war turns for the North. Lee’s planned invasion of the North dies here. 51,000 men died. South effort begins to slow and the war turns for the North.

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address November 1863 Lincoln invited to speak…last minute…at a cemetery dedication. Gave a two minute speech. Asks that lives given to preserve the nation not be in vain. Impact – Unites the Country. Made us a single nation. “…that this nation, under God… and that government of the people, by the people for the people, shall not perish from this earth.” Ironic that an afterthought could live on so famously.

Confederacy “Entices” England Agents James Mason & John Slidell coax English to support & recognize Confederacy as a nation. “King Cotton” Diplomacy – British needed cotton! James Dunwoody Bulloch worked undercover for 5 British built Confederate ships smuggled to America.

Confederacy Wears Down No help from England & France – Cotton “boycott” fails and no recognition of Confederacy as a real nation. No help from England & France – Cotton “boycott” fails and no recognition of Confederacy as a real nation. Army spread out, losing leaders in battles. Army spread out, losing leaders in battles. Losing resources as North captures territory, plantations & slaves are freed. Soldiers deserting armies. Losing resources as North captures territory, plantations & slaves are freed. Soldiers deserting armies. Severe fighting among Confederate states about supplying armies to fight away from their home states. Severe fighting among Confederate states about supplying armies to fight away from their home states.

1864 & 1865 Lincoln appoints Grant Supreme Commander of all Union forces – fires General George McLellan. Lincoln appoints Grant Supreme Commander of all Union forces – fires General George McLellan. Grant appoints William T. Sherman Commander of the West. Grant appoints William T. Sherman Commander of the West. Both believe in Total War – fight armies and civilians, to undermine their will to fight. Both believe in Total War – fight armies and civilians, to undermine their will to fight. Both engage rebels in new campaigns pushing East. Both engage rebels in new campaigns pushing East.

Grant’s Relentless Push Attacks Lee’s forces wherever they are and whenever he can. Give them no rest. Attacks Lee’s forces wherever they are and whenever he can. Give them no rest. Battles in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg cost Grant 65,000 men to Lee’s 35,000. Grant could replace them…Lee could not. Battles in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg cost Grant 65,000 men to Lee’s 35,000. Grant could replace them…Lee could not. General Philip Sheriden fought in Northern VA & Grant pursued Lee to Richmond, the Capitol. General Philip Sheriden fought in Northern VA & Grant pursued Lee to Richmond, the Capitol.

Sherman Marches to the Sea September 1864 – Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman moves from Tennessee to Atlanta, rail center of the Confederacy. September 1864 – Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman moves from Tennessee to Atlanta, rail center of the Confederacy. Destroys everything in his path to make sure civilians get sick of fighting. Destroys everything in his path to make sure civilians get sick of fighting. By December 1864, they reached Savannah, on the coast, occupied it and turned north to help Grant. By December 1864, they reached Savannah, on the coast, occupied it and turned north to help Grant.

Lincoln Re-Elected Election of 1864 : 3 Candidates Election of 1864 : 3 Candidates Lincoln (Nat’l Union – Renamed Republicans) John Fremont (“Radical” Republicans) George McClellan (Democrat) Lincoln not optimistic about winning, but with good news from South & in Virginia on the war, plus absentee ballots from soldiers, he won. Lincoln not optimistic about winning, but with good news from South & in Virginia on the war, plus absentee ballots from soldiers, he won.

Lee Surrenders at Appomattox April 2, 1865 – Grant beats Lee in No. Virginia. Jefferson Davis abandons Richmond & burns it April 9,1865…Lee meets Grant and formally surrenders.