Women and Energy Durban, South Africa December 11-12,2000 Dominique Lallement, Manager Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme

What is ESMAP? A partnership between 15 donors and theWorld Bank/UNDP Provides innovative solutions to governments and private sector on energy services and policies Focuses on pre-investment activities Complements work of other development and private sector institutions 80% (public) donor funded, 20% World Bank Group

ESMAP’s Agenda:Energy Solutions for Poverty Allevation and Economic Growth Facilitate Access to Energy Services by the Unserved or Underserved Promote Efficient Energy MarketsPromote Efficient Energy Markets Ensure Environ- mentally Sustainable Energy Services

Link between Energy Vision and Poverty Alleviation Energy Vision Transition from traditional to modern energy Efficient supply and use of energy Environmentally sustainable supply and use of energy Consumer choice of energy services and suppliers Positive contribution to macro/fiscal stability Poverty Alleviation Expand economic opportunities through increases in productivity Empower through access to communications and education services Improve living conditions through illumination of homes, cleaner fuels for cooking and heating indoors, and reduced emissions outdoors Bank’s Energy Strategy

WBG Strategy and Entry Point Energy MACRO-ECONOMIC IMPACT PSD & GOVERNANCE HD -- ENV POVERTY IMPACT            

ESMAP Activities TA for Policy Formulation Capacity Building Base Line Data/methodologies on who are the energy poor, their needs, their coping mechanisms, the benefits from energy services…. All needed for policy formulation. Pilot Projects Knowledge DISSEMINATION: workshops, conferences, publications,

Investment lendingAdjustment lending Debt Service Reduction Guarantee Operations Specific Investment Loan (SIL) Financial Intermediary Loan (FIL) Technical Assistance Loan (TAL) Sector Investment and Maintenance Loan (SIM) Emergency Recovery Loan (ERL) Sector Adjustment Loan (SAD) Rehabilitation Loan (RIL) Structural Adjustment Loan (SAL) Debt and Debt Service Reduction Loan (DRL) Expanded Co-financing loan (ECO) New products Adaptable Lending (AL) Global Carbon Initiative (GCI) Performance Loans (PL) Learning & Innovation Loan (LIL) Partnership for Renewable Energy IFC Instruments Equity Participations Guarantees REEF, PMVTI,SMEs

Efficient Markets Local communities Government Private Service Enterprises Various Institutions Financial Mechanisms Biomass Off-grid Renewables Electrical and Gas Network Supply of Sustainable energy services The Challenge of Scaling up the Delivery of Sustainable & Genderized Energy Services Variable Petroleum products) Time Demand

Central Government Regional Governments Municipal Governments Trade Associations/NGOs Local Communities Customers Central Government Financial Intermediaries Women and Men

ESMAP’s Support to Gender In Energy 1980’s: Woodstove improvement projects Business Plan: approved Nov. 1999, included a proposal for a Gender Facility: Studies and Policy Formulation: to document gender in energy issues: Vietnam, India, Yemen Pilot Projects: to test new approaches to associate women with the solutions to energy use and services: Bangladesh, Latin America Outreach and Dissemination Activities: to network with and capitalize on other gender in energy programs: workshops, conferences, publications.

Some Early Lessons from the Portfolio... Tremendous potential for accelerating the delivery of energy services when both women and men are involved at community level Entry for new energy enterprises still difficult, but new “business models” emerging: community- based enterprises, concessions Major financing constraints: micro-credit for consumers and enterprises still limited; access; lending costs vs affordability; who are the micro- lenders? Subsidies:level playing field Guarantees for investors: need for innovation

New Gender Sensitive Projects Mongolia: Stove Improvement Project Nicaragua: Improved Wood Stoves and health impact measurement India: Indoor Air Pollution Reduction Africa: Health Impact of Energy Bangladesh and Thailand: Two-Stroke Engine Emission Reductions

Conclusion: So far: More than in the Past, but still a modest effort. Looking Ahead... Leadership Programs for Women in Energy Replication of Projects for Women in energy services Multisectoral Networking: Health, water, transport New Partnerships: Winrock, Energia ICT Publications… Follow-up to Village Power Conference, including Gender and Energy Workshop