REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Chapter 21

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. FUNCTIONS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM The reproductive system has the necessary organs capable of creating offspring The reproductive system manufactures hormones necessary for the development of reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. FERTILIZATION During sexual intercourse sperm from the testes are deposited in the vagina Millions of sperm cells swim to ovum Conception occurs when sperm nucleus combines with egg nucleus to form zygote (fertilized egg cell)

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. DIFFERENIATION OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Reproductive organs are the only organs in the human body that differ between male and female For about two months the embryo develops without sexual identity The influence of the X or Y chromosome determines sex of fetus

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ORGANS OF REPRODUCTION Female reproductive organs –Two ovaries - Uterus –Two fallopian tubes - Vagina Male reproductive organs –Two testes - Scrotum –Seminal duct/glands –Penis - Prostate

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE Stages of the menstrual cycle –Follicle stage –Ovulation stage –Corpus luteum stage –Menstruation stage

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. MENOPAUSE Menopause is the cessation of a woman’s monthly menstrual cycle Menopause usually begins between the ages of 45 and 55, signaling the end of follicle growth and ovulation

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. INFERTILITY Causes of infertility –Damage to fallopian tubes –Low sperm count –Hormonal imbalance

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. INFERTILITY Treatments –Fertility drugs –Artificial insemination –Surgery –In vitro fertilization (IVF) –Egg extraction –Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) –Zygote intrafallopian transfer –Donor eggs and embryos

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Female reproductive disorders –Amenorrhea –Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) –Dysmenorrhea –Endometriosis –Fibroid tumors

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Infections of female reproductive organs –Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) –Salpingitis –Toxic shock syndrome –Yeast infection

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Male reproductive disorders –Epididymitis –Orchitis –Prostatitis –Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE Chlamydia Genital warts Gonorrhea Genital herpes Syphilis Trichomonaisis