OCLC Online Computer Library Center Whats FRBR? Eric Childress OCLC Research COASIS&T Program OCLC

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Outline Overview & history FRBR 101 – First lessons FRBR 102 – More FRBR Since the FRBR Study Group… FRBR inspiration

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Overview & history of FRBR

OCLC Online Computer Library Center The FRBR model is revolutionary. The (computer) catalogue is not seen as a sequence of bibliographic records and a replica of the traditional card catalogue, but rather as a network of connected data, enabling the user to perform seamlessly all the necessary functions. -Dr. Maja Žumer. National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Quickly… FRBR = Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Developed by cataloging experts working under the auspices of IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) FRBR is from a document issued by IFLA: Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report (1998) FRBR is a conceptual model (not a standard!) FRBR systematically models the bibliographic universe

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Impetus: a changing environment Automated systems for creation & processing of bibliographic data Growth of large-scale databases (national & international) Shared cataloging programs Economic pressure to reduce cataloging costs Adapting practice to accommodate new formats & a networked environment Changing user expectations and needs

OCLC Online Computer Library Center On the shoulders of giants… The heritage of cataloging theory and practice: Sir Anthony Panizzi's Rules (1841) Charles Ammi Cutters Principles (1874) S.R. Ranganathan's Five Laws (1931) The Paris Principles (1961) Seymour Lubetzkys Principles (1969) The International Standard Bibliographic Descriptions (1969-) Stockholm Seminar on Bibliographic Records (1990) Issued a resolution calling for the commissioning of a study to define the functional requirements of bibliographic records

OCLC Online Computer Library Center The FRBR Project IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Study ( ): Against the changing environment within which cataloging principles & standards operate… Conceptualize a cataloging code- and implementation- agnostic, generalized view of the bibliographic universe Deliver ( ): A reference (i.e. conceptual) model A report: Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report Münich : K.G. Saur, [viii, 136 pages. ISBN X]Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Value of FRBR FRBR study process and report: Fresh look at what functions bibliographic records perform FRBR systematically models the bibliographic universe Helps us answer important questions: What information is of the most value to users of the catalog? How can that most valuable information be used more effectively? Promises to inspire next generation catalogs, etc. Illuminates user tasks Clarifies how catalogs should function

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR 101 – First lessons

OCLC Online Computer Library Center About the FRBR study… Primary objectives of the FRBR study: Provide a clearly defined, structured framework for relating bibliographic data to user needs Recommend a basic level of functionality for records created by national bibliographic agencies Modeling the bibliographic universe: Utilizes an entity-relationship framework: Entities (a class of things) Relationships (associations among entities) Attributes (characteristics of the entities)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center What FRBR says catalog users do: Four User Tasks: Find entities that match the search criteria Identify entities (confirm that the user has found what they were looking for) Select an entity that matches the users criteria Obtain access to the entity through purchase, loan, or through electronic remote access And, maybe a fifth: Navigate

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR defines 3 groups of entities Group 1: products of intellectual or artistic endeavor that are named of described in bibliographic records work, expression, manifestation, item Group 2: entities responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of such products person, corporate body Group 3: entities that serve as the subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavor concept, object, event, place

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 1 - Bibliographic Entities Work A distinct intellectual or artistic creation Expression The intellectual or artistic realization of a work Manifestation The physical embodiment of an expression of a work Item A single example of a manifestation

OCLC Online Computer Library Center is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by Work Expression Manifestation Item recursive one many Physical Intellectual/Artistic Group 1

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR Entity Levels From: Tillett, Barbara "AACR2's Strategic Plan and IFLA Work towards an International Cataloguing Code (2002)Tillett, Barbara "AACR2's Strategic Plan and IFLA Work towards an International Cataloguing Code (2002) Group 1

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR Entity Levels revisited Group 1 From: Tillett, Barbara "AACR2's Strategic Plan and IFLA Work towards an International Cataloguing Code (2002)Tillett, Barbara "AACR2's Strategic Plan and IFLA Work towards an International Cataloguing Code (2002)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 1

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes A set of characteristics that serve as the basis for formulating queries and interpreting responses Can be either inherent or externally applied E.g., inherent: the physical medium and dimension of an object E.g., externally sourced: assigned identifiers (e. g., thematic catalog numbers for musical compositions)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 1 Entities Work Work title, form or genre, date, performance medium, intended audience Expression Expression title, form of the expression, language of the expression, type of score, scale of a map Manifestation Manifestation title, publisher, date of publication, form of carrier, dimensions, manifestation identifier (e.g. ISBN), terms of availability Item Location or call number, barcode, provenance, condition, access restrictions on an item

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR 102 – More FRBR

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 2 – Responsible Entities Entities responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of such products Group 2 entities: Person Corporate Body And perhaps a third … Family

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 2 Entities Attributes of Group 2 entities: Person Names, dates, titles or other designations Corporate body Name, number, place, date, other designation

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 3 - Subject Entities Entities that serve as the subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavor Group 3 entities: Concept: topical subject heading Object: name for an object Event: name for an event Place: name for a place Plus the Group 1 and 2 Entities: Works about Works/Expressions/Manifestations/Items Works about Persons and/or Corporate Entities

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 3 Entities Attributes of Group 3 entities: Concept term Object term Event term Place term

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Relationships Link entities to one another Entities of different groups (person and work) Entities of the same group (work and expression) Collocation and navigation

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Relationships (between different FRBR groups) Work Person Expression Person Manifestation Corporate body Item Corporate body Concept Work Created by Translated by Produced by Owned by Is subject of

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Relationships (within a group) Work to work Successor Supplement Complement Summarization Adaptation Transformation Imitation Work to work Whole/part

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Making Relationships Uniform titles In cataloging, historically: Not consistently applied over time Not consistently applied to all materials Role and function identifiers In cataloging, historically: Not consistently applied Buried in natural language

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Authority Bibliographic Holding Item Work/ Expression Uniform Title Concept Manifestation Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title Scenario A (Now)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Scenario B (Future) Work/ Expression Uniform Title Manifestation Authority Bibliographic Holding Concept Item Person Series (work/expression) Uniform Title

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Since the FRBR Study Group…

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Paris Principles reborn Statement of International Cataloguing Principles Approved by the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguging Code (Frankfurt, 2003) Statement of International Cataloguing Principles Adapts and expands the Paris Principles (1961) Expands scope from: Textual works to all types of materials Choice and form of entry to all aspects of bibliographic & authority records First principle remains: Serve the convenience of the users of the catalogue

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Working the FRBR/FRANAR framework… All work now under the FRBR Review Group:FRBR Review Group Group 1 entities [bibliographic]: The IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, Various follow-on work underway (Clarifying expression ; Clarifying FRBR for continuing resources, more…) Group 2 entities [authorities]: Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR) Working Group Group 3 entities [subject access]: Working Group on Subject Relationships

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR inspiration

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Applying FRBR in services Incorporating the concepts of the FRBR model in systems: Superior presentation of search results Esp. in large files – more intuitive clustering May help streamline library cataloging Reduces repeated keying of work-related info Bibliographic & management intelligence New insights into works (e.g., OCLCs 1000 list)OCLCs 1000 list Libraries can operate at workset level (e.g., ILL)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Show & tell OCLC Research: Top 1000 titles xISBN Fiction Finder Curiouser OCLC production services Open WorldCat FRBR-inspired FirstSearch WorldCat (coming soon)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Note cards from FRBR-land…

OCLC Online Computer Library Center IFLA-related resources IFLA FRBR Review Group Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ; Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing. Münich : K.G. Saur, viii, 136 pages. ISBN X also online: FRBR Bibliography: FRBR in 21st century catalogues (Workshop held at OCLC) Statement of International Cataloguing Principles

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Selected additional resources Boston, Tony, Bemal Rajapatirana and Roxanne Missingham Libraries Australia: Simplifying the Search Experience (2005) Denton, William. FRBR and Fundamental Cataloguing Rules. (2003) Tillett, Barbara, What is FRBR?: A Conceptual Model for the Bibliographic Universe (2004) OCLC FRBR Projects page

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Selected tools, projects, services, blogs FRBR Blog LC FRBR Display Tool OCLC Research: Top 1000 titles xISBN Fiction Finder Curiouser VisualCat (Denmark) pdf pdf VTLS

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Questions?