1. Introduction to FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records GACOMO Oct. 16, 2008

2. FRBR Recommendation of report by the International Federation of Library Associations & Institutions (IFLA) in 1998 Recommendation of report by the International Federation of Library Associations & Institutions (IFLA) in 1998 Conceptual model for organization of bibliographic & authority data Conceptual model for organization of bibliographic & authority data Lays groundwork for new generation of library catalogs Lays groundwork for new generation of library catalogs

3. IFLA Final Report Objectives of Report 1. “To provide a clearly defined, structured framework for relating the data that are recorded in bibliographic records to the needs of the users of those records.” 2. “To recommend a base level of functionality for records created by national bibliographic agencies.”

4. IFLA Proposes national level bibliographic record for all types of materials Proposes national level bibliographic record for all types of materials Continues to monitor application of FRBR Continues to monitor application of FRBR Promotes use & evolution of FRBR Promotes use & evolution of FRBR

5. FRBR IS... Independent of any cataloging code Independent of any cataloging code Influencing library system designs Influencing library system designs Facilitating international standardization Facilitating international standardization User-focused User-focused Providing common terminology & framework to help studies/research progress Providing common terminology & framework to help studies/research progress

6. FRBR is Not... A New Cataloging Code A New Cataloging Code Just Another Acronym Just Another Acronym FRBR FRBR FRBRized FRBRized FRBRization FRBRization FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data)

7. FRBR Is Expected To... Lead to a more functional catalog that is easier to maintain, distribute & search

8. What about RDA? RDA (Resource Description & Access) is new cataloging code in the works rather than AACR3 RDA (Resource Description & Access) is new cataloging code in the works rather than AACR3 Latest expected release date is early 2009 Latest expected release date is early 2009 Based on concept of FRBR Based on concept of FRBR

9. Entities of FRBR Identifies entities of most interest to users of bibliographic information Identifies entities of most interest to users of bibliographic information Three groups of entities Three groups of entities 1. Content described in bibliographic record 2. Those responsible for the content 3. Subject of the content

10. Group 1 Entities Work – Distinct intellectual/artistic endeavor Work – Distinct intellectual/artistic endeavor Expression – Realization of a work Expression – Realization of a work Manifestation – Physical embodiment of the expression of a work Manifestation – Physical embodiment of the expression of a work Item – Single physical piece Item – Single physical piece

11. WORK Abstract entity Abstract entity Recognized through expressions Recognized through expressions Exists only as content common to the various expressions Exists only as content common to the various expressions

12. Expression Abstract entity Abstract entity Intellectual/artistic realization of a work Intellectual/artistic realization of a work Translations Translations Change in form (written to spoken) Change in form (written to spoken) Each expression relates to the work and facilitates grouping Each expression relates to the work and facilitates grouping Any change in intellectual/artistic content results in new expression Any change in intellectual/artistic content results in new expression

13. Manifestation Concrete entity Concrete entity Physical embodiment of an expression of a work (catalog at this level now) Physical embodiment of an expression of a work (catalog at this level now) Physical objects bearing same intellectual content & physical form Physical objects bearing same intellectual content & physical form Manuscripts Manuscripts Books Books Periodicals Periodicals Sound Recordings Sound Recordings Video Recordings Video Recordings

14. ITEM Concrete entity Concrete entity A single copy of a manifestation A single copy of a manifestation

15. FRBR Entities w1 Hannah Swen’s Seasons of Summer w1 Hannah Swen’s Seasons of Summer e1 performance by Ann Wynn recorded in 1995 e1 performance by Ann Wynn recorded in 1995 m1 recording released on audio cassette in 1996 by XYZ Recordings m1 recording released on audio cassette in 1996 by XYZ Recordings m2 recording re-released on compact disc in 2000 by ABC Recordings m2 recording re-released on compact disc in 2000 by ABC Recordings i1 copy 1 held by Henderson Library i1 copy 1 held by Henderson Library i2 copy 2 held by Henderson Library i2 copy 2 held by Henderson Library

16. Group 2 Entities Person Person Corporate Body Related to Group 1 entities through specific relationships Corporate Body Related to Group 1 entities through specific relationships

17. Group 3 Entities Subjects of works Subjects of works Concept Concept Event Event Place Place Any group 1 or group 2 entities Any group 1 or group 2 entities

18. User Tasks Defined Find Find Identify Identify Select Select Obtain Obtain Navigate Navigate

19. “These user tasks reinforce the traditional objectives of a catalog as described by Cutter in 1876 to enable a user to find and collocate works.” Barbara Tillett

20. Benefits for User Complex works with multiple manifestations organized into a simpler format Complex works with multiple manifestations organized into a simpler format Searching catalog much more powerful Searching catalog much more powerful

21. Impact on Cataloging Re-examination of cataloging rules Re-examination of cataloging rules Improving GMDs Improving GMDs Improve linking devices through work level citation – composite or super record Improve linking devices through work level citation – composite or super record All information about a work centralized in one record All information about a work centralized in one record For later records, just add information specific to each expression For later records, just add information specific to each expression Current bibliographic records reflect manifestation level rather than work level.

22. OCLC Research 80% of WorldCat records reflect single manifestation 80% of WorldCat records reflect single manifestation Remaining 20% need more extensive work Remaining 20% need more extensive work Create algorithms to convert MARC 21 database to FRBR model Create algorithms to convert MARC 21 database to FRBR model Prototypes Prototypes

28. FictionFinder Catalog Developed by OCLC as FRBR prototype Developed by OCLC as FRBR prototype For searching/browsing records for fictional works For searching/browsing records for fictional works Search returns list of works Search returns list of works Selecting work leads to list of expressions Selecting work leads to list of expressions Selecting expression leads to manifestations Selecting expression leads to manifestations

31. WORKS

32. Expressions/Manifestations

33. Single Manifestation

34. Item

35. Information for Obtaining Item

36. FRBR Evolution “If fully implemented, FRBR would produce the biggest change cataloging has seen in the last century.” OCLC

37. Presented By Debra Skinner Catalog Librarian Georgia Southern University