OCLC Online Computer Library Center Retrieval That Works: FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and OCLC Eric Childress OCLC Research SEALL 2006 Raleigh, NC 8 April 2006

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Outline Background FRBR explained FRBR applied

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR Explained

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR basics FRBR = Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Developed by cataloging experts working under the auspices of IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) FRBR is from a document issued by IFLA: Functional Requirements For Bibliographic Records: Final Report (1998) FRBR is a conceptual model (not a standard!) FRBR systematically models the bibliographic universe

OCLC Online Computer Library Center The FRBR Project Stockholm Seminar on Bibliographic Records (1990) Issued a resolution calling for the commissioning of a study to define the functional requirements of bibliographic records IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Study ( ): Against the changing environment within which cataloging principles & standards operate… Conceptualize a cataloging code- and implementation-agnostic, generalized view of the bibliographic universe Deliver ( ): A reference (i.e. conceptual) model A report: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report Münich : K.G. Saur, [viii, 136 pages. ISBN X]Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report

OCLC Online Computer Library Center About the FRBR study… Primary objectives of the FRBR study: Provide a clearly defined, structured framework for relating bibliographic data to user needs Recommend a basic level of functionality for records created by national bibliographic agencies Modeling the bibliographic universe: Utilizes an entity-relationship framework: Entities = a class of things Relationships = associations among entities Attributes = characteristics of the entities

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Value of FRBR FRBR study process and report: Fresh look at what functions bibliographic records perform FRBR systematically models the bibliographic universe Helps us answer important questions: What information is of the most value to users of the catalog? How can that most valuable information be used more effectively? Promises to inspire next generation catalogs, etc. Illuminates user tasks Clarifies how catalogs should function

OCLC Online Computer Library Center The FRBR model is revolutionary. The (computer) catalogue is not seen as a sequence of bibliographic records and a replica of the traditional card catalogue, but rather as a network of connected data, enabling the user to perform seamlessly all the necessary functions. -Dr. Maja Žumer. National and University Library, Ljubljana, Slovenia

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR Explained (in Swedish…)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Four User Tasks: Find entities that match the search criteria Identify entities (confirm that the user has found what they were looking for) Select an entity that matches the users criteria Obtain access to the entity through purchase, loan, or through electronic remote access And, maybe a fifth: Navigate

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR defines 3 groups of entities Group 1: products of intellectual or artistic endeavor that are named of described in bibliographic records work, expression, manifestation, item Group 2: entities responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of such products person, corporate body Group 3: entities that serve as the subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavor concept, object, event, place

From William Denton ( intellectual/ bibliographic units agents aboutness

From William Denton (

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Work Expression Is realized through Is exemplified by Item Manifestation Is embodied in A distinct intellectual or artistic creation The intellectual or artistic realization of a work The physical embodiment of an expression A single exemplar of a manifestation Group 1 Entities

Group 1

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes A set of characteristics that serve as the basis for formulating queries and interpreting responses Can be either inherent or externally applied E.g., inherent: the physical medium and dimension of an object E.g., externally sourced: assigned identifiers (e. g., thematic catalog numbers for musical compositions)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 1 Entities Work Work title, form or genre, date, performance medium, intended audience Expression Expression title, form of the expression, language of the expression, type of score, scale of a map Manifestation Manifestation title, publisher, date of publication, form of carrier, dimensions, manifestation identifier (e.g. ISBN), terms of availability Item Location or call number, barcode, provenance, condition, access restrictions on an item

OCLC Online Computer Library Center From:

OCLC Online Computer Library Center OCLC FRBR work set algorithm used to cluster related WorldCat records OriginalEnglish Translation Illustrated edition Abridged edition Adaptation Expressions Work¹ Work² e¹e²e³ e¹

OCLC Online Computer Library Center An example of a law title Original Microform edition 5 th edition Expressions Work e¹-e 3 m1m1 e4e4 Handbook of the Law of Torts William Prosser (1941) 2 nd -4 th editions [Braille] 5 th edition, Student edition e5e5

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Worldcat Manifestations Works Items (est: holdings*1.5) 59,879,322 47,423,810 1,531,400,969 35,372,459 28,542,021 1,194,751,352 Total Print books

Works with 1 manifestation: 87% Works with between 2 and 5 manifestations: 12% Works with > 5 manifestations: 1% Works with 1 manifestation: 43% of total holdings Works with between 2 and 5 manifestations: 40% of total holdings Works with > 5 manifestations: 17% of total holdings Manifestations By Holdings Works in WorldCat

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Top 10 works in WC by holdings 10

Complex relationships can exist among works, expressions, manifestations, items Closely-related resources may form a super work Barbara Tillet (LC) has done analysis on resource-to-resource relationships

From William Denton (

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 2 – Responsible Entities Entities responsible for the intellectual or artistic content, the physical production and dissemination, or the custodianship of such products Group 2 entities: Person Corporate Body And perhaps a third … Family

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 2 Entities Attributes of Group 2 entities: Person Names, dates, titles or other designations Corporate body Name, number, place, date, other designation

From William Denton (

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Group 3 - Subject Entities Entities that serve as the subjects of intellectual or artistic endeavor Group 3 entities: Concept: topical subject heading Object: name for an object Event: name for an event Place: name for a place Plus the Group 1 and 2 Entities: Works about Works/Expressions/Manifestations/Items Works about Persons and/or Corporate Entities

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Attributes of Group 3 Entities Attributes of Group 3 entities: Concept term Object term Event term Place term

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Since the initial FRBR report… Statement of International Cataloguing Principles Approved by the IFLA Meeting of Experts on an International Cataloguging Code (Frankfurt, 2003) Statement of International Cataloguing Principles Adapts and expands the Paris Principles (1961)Paris Principles Expands scope from: Textual works to all types of materials Choice and form of entry to all aspects of bibliographic & authority records First principle remains: Serve the convenience of the users of the catalogue

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Working the FRBR/FRANAR framework… All work now under the FRBR Review Group:FRBR Review Group Group 1 entities [bibliographic]: The IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, Various follow-on work underway (Clarifying expression ; Clarifying FRBR for continuing resources, more…) Group 2 entities [authorities]: Functional Requirements and Numbering of Authority Records (FRANAR) Working Group Group 3 entities [subject access]: Working Group on Subject Relationships

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FRBR Applied

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Applying FRBR in services Incorporating the concepts of the FRBR model in systems: Superior presentation of search results Esp. in large files – more intuitive clustering May help streamline library cataloging Reduces repeated keying of work-related info Bibliographic & management intelligence New insights into works (e.g., OCLCs 1000 list)OCLCs 1000 list Libraries can operate at workset level (e.g., ILL)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center FictionFinder An OCLC experimental prototype prototype Supports searching & browsing of fiction materials cataloged in WorldCat Fiction records 2.8 million Unique works 1.4 million Total holdings 130 million Employs FRBR to: Build a work view & cluster related records Support the creation of special indexes OCLC Research team: Diane Vizine-Goetz (lead) Roger Thompson Carol Hickey Lance Osborne J.D. Shipengrover New version: Available later in 2006 Improved navigation & work- based displays

Alphabetical browse display in redesigned interface

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Nearly 20,000 works retrieved The record for Don Quixote represents 2,300+ editions

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Don Quixote work view aggregates information from 2,367 editions in 40,212 libraries

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Don Quixote work view limited to Spanish language editions ordered by latest publication date

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Link to OCLC WorldCat Find in a Library Service Edition (manifestation) record display

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Live Search OCLC Research prototype Features: Quick searches target with each additional keystroke of search term/phrase Retrieves ordered, FRBR- inspired results (combined with holdings-based ranking) Narrow-by Dewey attributes (expressed as captions) OCLC Research Team: Thom Hickey (lead) Jenny Toves Ralph LeVan Files being prototyped: Phoenix Public+DDC LCSH

Search results automatically regenerate as searches are entered

Search categories automatically update as search results update

Narrow by natural facets (categories) of any given result set

item data drawn from Phoenix Publics OPAC

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Questions? Eric Childress Consulting Project Manger OCLC Research

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Resources on FRBR

OCLC Online Computer Library Center IFLA-related FRBR resources IFLA FRBR Review Group Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report / IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ; Approved by the Standing Committee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing. Münich : K.G. Saur, viii, 136 pages. ISBN X also online: FRBR Bibliography: FRBR in 21st century catalogues (Workshop held at OCLC) Statement of International Cataloguing Principles

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Selected additional resources Boston, Tony, Bemal Rajapatirana and Roxanne Missingham Libraries Australia: Simplifying the Search Experience (2005) Denton, William. FRBR and Fundamental Cataloguing Rules. (2003) Tillett, Barbara, What is FRBR?: A Conceptual Model for the Bibliographic Universe (2004)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center OCLC FRBR-related activities OCLC Resarch FRBR page: OCLC Research projects: Audience Level Curiouser OCLC FRBR Algorithm Fiction Finder xISBN Top 1000 titles OCLC production services: Open WorldCat FRBR-inspired FirstSearch WorldCat (coming in 2006)

OCLC Online Computer Library Center OCLC Research Presentations on FRBR Diane Vizine-Goetz FictionFinder: Don Quixote to Graphic Novels (PPT:1.4MB/24slides) WebWise 2006, 17 February 2006, Los Angeles,California (USA) FictionFinder: Don Quixote to Graphic Novels WebWise 2006 Eric Childress What's FRBR? (PowerPoint:1.1MB/43 slides) Central Ohio Chapter, American Society of Information Science & Technology, 21 July 2005, Columbus, Ohio (USA) What's FRBR? Brian Lavoie and Roger C. Schonfeld (Ithaka) A Systemwide View of Library Collections (PowerPoint:300K/35slides) CNI Spring 2005 Task Force Meeting, 4-5 April 2005, Washington, DC (USA) A Systemwide View of Library Collections CNI Spring 2005 Task Force Meeting Thom Hickey FRBR: Algorithms and Applications (PowerPoint:1.17MB/40slides) California Library Association pre-conference Institute, 12 November 2004, San Jose, California (USA) FRBR: Algorithms and Applications Edward T. O'Neill Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: OCLC's Experience Identifying and Using Works (PowerPoint:26MB/35 slides) FRBR Workshop, 8–9 July 2004, Frankfurt (Germany) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: OCLC's Experience Identifying and Using Works

OCLC Online Computer Library Center Other FRBR tools, activities, etc. AusLit FRBR Blog LC FRBR Display Tool analysis/tool.html analysis/tool.html RLGs RedLightGreen VisualCat (Denmark) ew pdf ew pdf VTLS