Mr. Marsh Columbus North High School Punic Wars

The Roman Army All citizens were required to serve Army was powerful: Organization & fighting skill Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)

Rome Spreads its Power Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south Treatment of Conquered: Forge alliances Offer citizenship By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula

Ensuring Success Roman citizens usually made good soldiers because they were brought up to value loyalty, courage, and respect for authority. If a soldier showed courage he usually was praised and promoted. If a unit fled during battle 1 out of 10 soldiers in the legion were put to death.

Conquered Lands Conquered lands were usually granted a great deal of privileges. Could keep their customs, money, and local governments as long as they paid taxes, were loyal to Rome and supplied the Roman army with troops.

Protection and Unification To protect its conquests, Roman soldiers were stationed throughout the land. Roads were built to link distant territories to Rome. Latin language emerged as the spoken language

Driving Question What impact did the wars with Carthage have in shaping Rome

Lesson Goals Students will be able to identify the causes of the Punic Wars Students will be able to describe the effects of each of the three Punic Wars

Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier Result was the three Punic Wars 264-146 BC

FIRST PUNIC WAR Primarily a naval war Carthage had a great navy Rome had small navy and little experience in naval warfare Defeated time and time again by larger and more experienced Carthaginian navy

ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE Rome would not surrender Finally turned the tables on Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare Equipped ships with huge hooks and stationed soldiers on ships Would hook enemy ship, pull it nearby, and board it with soldiers Converted naval warfare into mini-land battles Something Rome was very good at Won First Punic War as a result

Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) 2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibal’s “surprise” attack through Spain & France 60,000 soldiers and 60 elephants Romans experience severe losses, but eventually ward off attacks & invade North Africa The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

SECOND PUNIC WAR Carthagian general Hannibal surprises Romans, leads army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps, and invades Italy from the north Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times but hesitates to attack Rome itself Too well fortified Settles instead on war of attrition in hope of destroying Roman economic base

ROME WINS THIS ONE TOO Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, and headed for Carthage Led by patrician general Scipio Aemilius Africanus Hannibal forced to leave Italy to protect Carthage Defeated at the Battle of Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage Hannibal

Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) 3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage Scipio- Roman Strategist Conquered people sold into slavery The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

THIRD PUNIC WAR Carthage finished after Second Punic War Hannibal committed suicide Economy shattered Lost all territory to Rome But some Romans feared it might revive someday and challenge Rome again Notably Cato the Elder Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map Cato the Elder

ROME WINS A THIRD TIME Due to Cato’s persistent efforts, Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage Wins easily Entire population of city sold into slavery Everything of value carried back to Rome Everything else burned and dumped into the sea Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again Carthage completely disappeared

What did we learn about the Punic Wars?