Cells and Classification of Life Reassessment Review Directions Click “Slideshow” then “From Beginning” to view this presentation properly. Take detailed notes. STUDY and quiz your self over the information.
CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS Prokaryotic Cells – Single-celled organisms that do not have membrane-bound internal structures; no nucleus; simple cells with very little organization of the materials inside. EXAMPLE: bacteria
EUKARYOTIC CELLS Eukaryotic Cells –cells that have organelles; contain nucleus; cells with organized structures EXAMPLES: Protists, Animals, Plants, and Fungi
Cell Parts
CYTOPLASM Cytoplasm – All cells contain cytoplasm. It is a clear gel-like fluid (liquid) which takes up most space inside the cell, where many cell reactions and where organelles are located
Nucleus Nucleus – Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. control center of cell; brain of cell; usually located near center of cell; controls cell activity; contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
___ _______ Cell membrane – All cells have a cell membrane. It is the protective barrier of the cell that holds it together. It lets good material in and bad material out.
Cell Wall Cell Wall – stiff outer barrier of a plant cell, outside of the cell membrane, mostly made up of cellulose, provides extra support and gives it shape; surrounds cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria
DOMAINS
The Three Domains of Life
The 3 Domains of Life Domains are the first and the broadest of classifications. One domain is Archea, which is composed of the organisms in the Kingdom Archeabacteria. Bacteria is the second prokaryotic domain and is also composed of single kingdom Eubacteria. The third domain, Eukarya, contains all four of the eukaryotic kingdoms: Animalia (animals), Fungi (fungi), Plantae (plants), and Protista (protists).
KINGDOMS
The 6 Kingdoms of Life
The Kingdoms of Life Biologists have further classified living things into six groups called Kingdoms. Biologists group organisms into six Kingdoms based on the following: Cell Type Organisms are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Cell Number Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular. Nutrition Organisms are either autotrophs or heterotrophs.
6 KINGDOMS Kingdom – a system used to classify and organize different organisms found on Earth into groups Archeabacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Kingdom Archaeabacteria Contains all of Domain Archae. Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that live in very harsh conditions.
Kingdom Eubacteria Contains all of Domain Bacteria. Bacteria are prokaryotes and have no internal nucleus. Bacteria are found in practically every environment on Earth.
Kingdom Fungi Single or multi-celled organisms Reproduce by spores Heterotrophs that eat dead or living organisms - decomposer Yeasts, molds, mushrooms
Kingdom Plantae multi-cellular organisms surrounded by a cell wall make their own food (photosynthesis) Eukaryotes Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants Flowering plants produce seeds in flowers; conifers make seeds in cones; mosses and ferns reproduce by spores
Kingdom Animalia multi-cellular organisms eukaryotes get energy from other organisms (omnivores)
Kingdom Protista mostly single-celled organisms eukaryotes Some feed on other organisms; ex. Amoeba and paramecium (heterotroph) Some make their own food (photosynthesis); ex. Euglena and algae (autotroph)