This is my favorite lab! Gross Anatomy of the Brain & Cranial Nerves Page 200 in the lab book

Terminology Dorsal View = view from above Ventral View = view from below

Transverse = split into top & Section bottom sides Sagittal = split into left & Section right sides

CNS Brain Spinal Chord PNS Cranial nerves Spinal Nerves Sensory Receptors

What physical characteristics of the human brain can you see in this picture? 1. Left and Right Half 2. Series of Ridges

Right Hemisphere Left Hemisphere Longitudinal Fissure

Corpus Callosum The Corpus Callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Grass on the Gyrus ridge Stream in the Sulcus valley

Brain LobeFunction FrontalControl of skeletal muscles (Primary Motor Cortex) TemporalSmell and hearing (Auditory/Olfactory Cortex) ParietalTaste, pain, touch (Primary Sensory Cortex) OccipitalVision (Visual Cortex)

The Ventricles of the Brain Open Chambers within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid Help cushion the brain Prevent brain from crushing itself under its own weight

The Ventricles of the Brain Lateral Ventricle Third Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct Fourth Ventricle

Dura Mater Pia Mater Meninges Around the Brain

The Meninges Outer dura mater attaches to the inner surface of the skull and outer edge of the spinal cord Inner pia mater attaches to the brain & spinal cord The meninges help protect the brain & spinal cord Provide space for a layer of cerebrospinal fluid around the brain and spinal cord

Cerebrospinal Fluid Forms a watery cushion around and within the brain and spinal cord Helps protect and support the brain Continuously formed by a capillary knot in the brain called the Choroid Plexus Eventually it drains back into the bloodstream

Meningitis -itis means “inflamation” Inflamation of the meninges caused by a viral or bacterial infection Diagnosed by a spinal tap of the cerebrospinal fluid Infection can spread to the brain, causing encephalitis

Meningitis

Hydrocephalus Means “Water on the Brain” Occurs in roughly 3 out of every 1000 newborns Cerebrospinal fluid drainage is blocked Cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the ventricles of the brain, putting pressure on the brain tissue

Hydrocephalus

What is the Gray Matter & White Matter? Areas of the brain and spinal cord that differ in color Color change caused by the nerve structures in that region of the Central Nervous System

Nerve Cell Bodies Information Processsing Myelinated Axons Information Transmission

The Cranial Nerves 12 Pairs of nerves that arise from the brain Serve many functions in the head and neck region Learn a function for each of the cranial nerves

The Cranial Nerves

Olfactory Nerve Sense of smell (Olfaction) Optic Nerve Sense of vision Oculomotor Nerve Eye movement Trochlear Nerve Eye movement Trigeminal Nerve Sense of touch on the face, mouth, and nose

The Cranial Nerves Abducens Nerve Eye movement Facial Nerve Facial expression Tear and Saliva excretion Vestibulocochlear Hearing and balance Glossopharyngeal Sensation in back of throat (pharynx)

The Cranial Nerves Vagus Nerve Slows the heart rate Contraction of smooth muscle in digestive organs Accessory Nerve Controls swallowing Movement of trapezius Hypoglossal Nerve Controls tongue movement

Now Let’s Look at Brains !!!