1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, SPINAL NERVES, CRANIAL NERVES

2. CNS – Central Nervous System

3. Spinal nerves
31 pairs

4. Cranial nerves
12 pairs

6. Meninges – protection of the Spinal Cord
Dura Mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid layer
Sub-arachnoid space
Pia mater

7. Protection
Cerebrospinal fluid

8. Protection
Vertebrae of Vertebral Column

9. Function of Spinal cord
Transport nerve impulses from senses to brain
Transport nerve impulses from brain to muscles or glands

10. Sensory/Afferent neuron

11. Motor/Efferent neuron

13. Reflex arc

14. Lumbar Puncture

15. L 3, L 4, L 5

16. Spinal Nerves
31 pairs

17. Cauda Equina
Horse's tail

18. Anatomy of Spinal nerves

20. Plexuses

21. General Information Re the Brain – question C 2
2% of body weight
Receives about 20% of body’s blood supply
Circle of Willis – diagram text
Lack of Oxygen
1 – 2 minutes impairs neuron function
Over 4 minutes permanent brain damage
Brain stores little if any glucose
Must have constant supply
Lack of enough glucose
Mental confusion
Dizziness
Convulsions
Loss of consciousness

22. Pathway of CSF

23. Brain Stem

24. Pons
Bridge

25. Medulla
Medulla
Pathway for all ascending and descending tracts of white matter
Sensory and motor

26. Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Sensory Autonomic Pituitary gland
Emotions
Behavior
Thirst/eating
Body temp
Circadian rhythm

27. Anatomy of Brain

28. Functions of white matter tracts in Cerebrum
Associative tracts
Nerve impulses w/in same hemisphere
Commissural tracts
NI from left to right and right to left hemispheres
Projection tracts
Cerebrum to thalamus, brain stem, spinal cord

29. Basal ganglia Deep within the Cerebrum Movement
Damage to BG is Parkinson’s

30. Ventricles Cavities in the brain that produce and contain
Cerebrospinal
Fluid
Pg. 243 text

31. Limbic system Question D7 a “Emotional Brain” Pg. 495 text Olfaction
Memory
Primary role in range of emotions
Pain
Pleasure
Docility
Affection
Anger

32. Functional areas of the brain

33. Cranial Nerves

34. Table E 2 Olfactory Nerve # I
Function
Sense of smell

35. Optic Nerve # II
Function
Sight – not pain or temperature of eye

36. Oculomotor Nerve # III Function Proprioception
Movement of muscles in and around eye

37. Trochlear Nerve # IV
Function
Proprioception
Movement eyelids

38. Trigeminal Nerve # V Function Touch, pain, temp sensations on face
Chewing

39. Abducens Nerve # VI Function Stimulates lateral rectus to abduct eye
Proprioception

40. Facial Nerve # VII
Function
Facial expression, taste, proprioception

41. Vestibulocochlear Nerve # VII
Function
Hearing, equilibrium

42. Glossopharyngeal Nerve # IX
Function
Taste, swallowing, monitors O2 and CO2 in blood, speech

43. Vagus Nerve # X Function
Taste, swallowing, coughing, voice, organs of GI tract, HR

44. Accessory Nerve # XI Function
Proprioception, swallowing, movement of head and shoulders

45. Hypoglossal Nerve # XII
Function
Motor and sensory fibers of the muscles of tongue

46. Common Disorders Hemiplegia Monoplegia Paraplegia Quadriplegia
Paralysis of arm, leg, trunk on one side of body
Paralysis of one extremity only
Paralysis of both legs
Paralysis of both arms and legs

47. CVA or TIA CVA TIA Cerebrovascular accident Stroke
Occurs when blood vessel to brain is plugged or blocked by a blood clot
TIA
Transient Ischemic attack
Mini-stroke
Occurs when blood supply to brain is briefly interrupted

48. Shingles
Neuritis
Neuralgia
Encephalitis
Anesthesia
Analgesia