Status quo of buildings: Data status and first indicator results Julian Stengel Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Brussels 1

Outline  Data status for buildings  Clusters of retrofit measures  Calculated CONCERTO indicators (focus on refurbishments)  Environmental indicators  Economic indicators  Eco-environmental indicators  Result tables  Refurbished buildings  New buildings  Up-scaling to building stock  Challenges  Summary & outlook 2

Data status for buildings 3 NA

Clusters of retrofit measures 4 Cluster ID Share of buildin gs Applied building features in case of refurbishments Thermal insulation of outside walls Replacem ent of windows Thermal insulation of roof or upper slab Replacem ent of heating system Insulation Measures aiming at reducing electricity use Modificati ons in the layout and size of the flat Optimized lighting / daylight system Mechanic al ventilatio n with heat recovery Thermal insulation of basement 1 43%100% --13%2%- 2 5%100% 79%92%100%13%8%13%- 3 8%11%5% -100%73%-22%- 4 24%100% --2%13%3%4%2% 5 5%100%91%100%78%96%22%30%22%39%100% 6 5%-4%---11%--4%- 7 10%98%100%86%47%100%-4%16%12%-

Calculated indicators 5 Enviromental indicators –Final energy demand/consumption –Primary energy demand/consumption –Emissions (CO 2, CO 2 -equ. SO 2 -equ., SO 2, NO x, PM 10, PM 2.5 ) Economic indicators –Investments –Grants –Internal interest rate –Net present value –Dynamic payback period Eco-environmental indicators –Triggered investment per grant provided –Abatement per grant (Final energy, primary energy, emissions) –Abatement costs (Final energy, primary energy, emissions)

Environmental indicators - required data 6 (A) Floor area (B) Energy flows – demand (C) Energy flows – consumption (F) Emission factors (G) Primary energy factors Final energy demand/consumption [RB: 79%, 26%; NB: 73%, 21%] Emissions [RB: 79%; NB: %] Primary energy demand/consumption [RB: 79% NB: 69%] Demo object Reference object (A-G)… Reduction Final energy demand/consumption [RB: 77%, 19%; NB: 67%, 21% ] Emissions [RB: 77%; NB: %]) Primary energy demand/consumption [RB: 77%; NB: 66%] Final energy [RB: 78%, 41%; NB: 69%] Emissions [RB: 78%; NB: 61-67%] Primary energy [RB: 78%; NB: 67%] RB: Refurbished Buildings, NB: New Buildings 6

Environmental indicators – first results 7 no improvement 50% improvement 80% improvement

Environmental indicators – first results 8 demand = consumption demand = consumption/2 demand = 2*consumption

Environmental indicators – first results 9

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Environmental indicators – first results 11 Refurbis hed buildings Average reduction of total primary energy demand for space heating Average reduction of CO2 emissions for space heating Number of buildings Residential Municip al Tertiary Residential Municip al Tertiary Residential Municip al Tertiary <180m²>=180m²<180m²>=180m²<180m²>=180m² Austria-69%61%81%-75%59%80%-5519 Germany81%50%--80%41% Ireland62%56%57%48%63%57% 47% Switzerla nd -23%12%44%-70%66%44%-113 United Kindom -44%---46%---1--

Environmental indicators – transparency 12 Indicator metadata NameTotal primary energy demand reduction UnitkWh/(m² a) Value65.3 M1 – Floor area typeTotal gross floor area (external) M2 - Energy flow typeEnergy demand M3 – Application areas Before: Electricity for space heating, Light oil for space heating - After: Electricity for space heating, Light oil for space heating M5 – Emissions and renewable energy carriers considered Solar, wind and geothermal final energy demand/consumption are excluded; in the up-stream chain each renewable energy carrier is included M6 - System boundariesBuilding and energy carrier supply chain M7 - Electricity & district heating & cooling mixBefore: National electricity mix. - After: National electricity mix. M8 – Reference objectBuilding before refurbishment Building metadata CountryGermany City/MunicipalityHannover Building statusRefurbished building Building nameNA, Hannover Completion date of building Building typeResidential Horizontal building Surfaces1302 m² total gross floor area (external), 1106 m² total heated net room area (internal) Applied energy services before: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water - after: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water Applied building features before: other 1 (energy saving measures), after: thermal insulation of outside walls, thermal insulation of roof or upper slab, replacement of windows

Economic indicators – required data 13 (D) Investment (G) Energy prices Internal interest rate Reference object (A-G)… Investment [RB: 66%; NB: 23%] Grants [RB: 66%; NB: 24%] (E) Grants Net present value [RB: 64%; NB: 3%] Dynamic payback period [RB: 51%; NB: 2%] Final energy demand/consumption (A) Floor area Demo object Investment [RB: NA; NB: 10%] Grants [RB: NA; NB: NA]

Economic indicators – first results 14 (invoiced; incl. VAT)

Economic indicators – first results 15

Economic indicators – first results 16

Economic indicators – first results 17

Eco-environmental indicators – required data 18 Abatement per grant Internal interest rate Net present value Dynamic payback period (E) Grants(D) Investment Reduction Final energy demand/consumption Emissions Primary energy demand/consumption Triggered investment per grant [RB: 65%; NB: 9%] Final energy [RB: 63%; NB: 21%] Emissions [RB: 63%; NB: 19-21%] Primary energy [RB: 63%; NB: 21%] Abatement costs Final energy [RB: 64%; NB: 3%] Emissions [RB: 58-63%; NB: 2-3%] Primary energy [RB: 64%; NB: 3%]

Eco-environmental indicators – first results 19

Eco-environmental indicators – transparency 20 Indicator metadata NameMitigation costs of emissions (economy) Unit€/t Value-69 M2 - Energy flow typeEnergy demand M3 – Application areas Before: Light oil for space heating [0,11 €/kWh], Electricity for space heating [0,22 €/kWh] - After: Light oil for space heating [0,11 €/kWh], Electricity for space heating [0,22 €/kWh] M5 – Emissions and renewable energy carriers considered Direct & indirect: CO2 M6 – System boundariesEnergy: Building and energy carrier supply chain M7 – Electricity & district heating & cooling mix Before: National electricity mix. - After: National electricity mix. M8 – Reference objectBuilding before refurbishment M10 – Investments and grants considered Before: No investments considered. No grants are considered. - After: Investments: Full costs for measures - Price level:. Is invoiced. Incl. VAT. No grants are considered. M11 – Energy carrier prices and external costs Before: Energy prices for houeseholds incl. VAT and other taxes. - After: Energy prices for houeseholds incl. VAT and other taxes. M12 – Economic key parametersInterest rate: 5%, planning horizon: 20 years M13 – Costs and revenues consideredBefore: requirement-related costs - After: capital-related costs, requirement-related costs Building metadata CountryIreland City/MunicipalityNorth Tipperary Building statusRefurbished building Building nameRefurbished building 122 Completion date of building Unknown Building typeResidential Horizontal building Surfaces 290,08 m² total gross floor area (external), 259 m² total heated net room area (internal) Applied energy services before: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water(2) stove using Other 1 for space heating - after: (1) boiler using Light oil for space heating, domestic hot water(2) stove using Other 1 for space heating Applied building features before: other 1 (energy saving measures), after: thermal insulation of outside walls, thermal insulation of roof or upper slab, replacement of windows, other 1 (energy saving measures), thermal insulation of outside walls, thermal insulation of roof or upper slab, replacement of windows

 Residential buildings  <180 m²  >=180 m²  Non-residential buildings  Municipal  Tertiary (non municipal) 21 Result tables – refurbished buildings

Retrofit res. (<180 m²) GermanyIrelandLuxembourg Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* National avg. Before retrofit After retrofit CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Before retrofit After retrofit Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.

Retrofit res. (≥180 m²) AustriaFranceGermanyHungaryIreland Nether- lands Switzer- land United Kingdom Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* National avg. Before retrofit After retrofit CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Before retrofit After retrofit Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.

Retrofit municipal # AustriaDenmarkFranceGermany Ireland (<180 m²) Ireland (>180 m²) ItalySweden Switzer- land Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* Before retrofit After retrofit CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Before retrofit After retrofit Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating; # all >180 m²

Retrofit tertiary # AustriaIrelandSwitzerland Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* Before retrofit After retrofit CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Before retrofit After retrofit Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating; # all >180 m²

 Residential buildings  <180 m²  >=180 m²  Non-residential buildings  Municipal  Tertiary (non municipal) 26 Result tables – new buildings

New residential (<180 m²) DenmarkFranceIrelandNetherlands Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* Reference Demo object CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Reference Demo object Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.

New residential (>180 m²) DenmarkFranceGermanyIreland Nether- lands SpainSweden Switzer- land United Kingdom Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* Reference Demo object CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Reference Demo object Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.

New municipal (>180 m²) DenmarkFranceGermanyNetherlandsNorwaySpain Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* Reference Demo object CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Reference Demo object Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.

New tertiary (>180 m²) AustriaFranceGermanyIreland Nether- lands Spain Switzer- land United Kingdom Primary energy demand 1 [kWh/(m²a)]* Reference Demo object CO 2 emissions 2 [kg CO 2 /(m²a)]* Reference Demo object Investment and grants (incl. VAT) [€/m²] Investment Grants Net Present Value 3 [€] Interest rate: 5% timeframe: 20 a CO 2 abatement costs [€/t CO2 ] Economy Society 1 excl. wind, solar, geothermal; 2 incl. biomass; 3 incl. capital-related cost, energy cost*, grants; *applies only to space heating.

Up-scaling to building stock 31 -Energy price increase -RES share increase Energy cost National trends until 2050 CO 2 -emissions CONCERTO data CO 2 abatement cost National data: -building stock -residential energy consumption General data Investment Primary energy consumption -Refurbishment rate -Demolition rate -New construction rate Scenario-dependent data

Up-scaling - example results 32

Challenges  Data quality  Inhomogeneous data  Floor areas  Energy flows  Decreasing data availability from environmental to economic indicators  Comparability between countries 33

Summary & outlook  First results  Transparency via meta-information for each value  Building metadata  Indicator metadata  CONCERTO provides good basis for indicator representation in indicator-country-matrices for each building-type  These matrices enable up-scaling  Data bottlenecks ( Refurbishments & New construction)  Investments  Energy consumption  Outlook  Ongoing quality control for data  Ongoing data collection  Ongoing indicator calculation & assessment 34

Thank you 35

Distribution of EU-floor area 36

Challenges - comparability  Floor areas  Application areas  Final energy demand  Investments  Indication of data quality 37