AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  1

AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  2

Population increase causes….. Human activities Population increase causes….. K.W Reradiate Acid rain Combustion Sulphur Dioxide Global warming Nitrogen monoxide Methane Rice paddy fields Photodisc 4(NT)

Name Fuels Plant=coal Animal=oil Fuels AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  4

Combustion When we burn fossil fuels we produce…. Petrol+Oxygen --- ? + ? AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  5

What else increase Carbon dioxide? AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  6

Rising levels of carbon dioxide

The greenhouse effect AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  8

Global warming Climate change Most fuels contain carbon Carbon dioxide is released when fuels like gas, coal, oil, petrol and wood are burned. Greenhouse gases cause the temperature of the Earth to rise slowly. This causes climate change. Methane released from cattle and rice fields is also a greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide released when fuel burned Extra carbon dioxide in the air slows down heat loss from Earth Climate change AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  9

Task-20mins to complete In sentences answer the following questions. Draw an annotated diagram of global warming using page 125.(Ie Fig 1) What are the effects of global warming? AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  10

Acid rain Sulphur dioxide Nitrogen dioxide And Monoxide Digital Vision 15(NT)

Acid rain Sulfur dioxide is released when fossil fuels like coal and oil are burned. Acid rain damages rivers and lakes, making them more acid, so killing fish. Acid rain damages trees. Acid rain damages limestone buildings. Nitrogen oxides released in car and jet fumes also cause acid rain. Digital Vision (NT) AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  12

Formation of acid rain Sulfur impurities in coal and oil Sulfur dioxide released when burnt Dissolves in rain and clouds Falls as acid rain, less than pH5.5 AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  13

Formation of acid rain AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  14

Task 10mins What activities from Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide and Nitrogen dioxide? How is acid rain formed? Draw a quick diagram to describe how acid rain is formed (page 123 fig 3) What are the effects of acid rain? AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  15

Preventing acid rain International agreements to reduce sulfur dioxide pollution. Energy efficiency means less coal burned to make electricity. Ultra low sulfur petrol. Alternative energy sources like natural gas, solar, wind farms and nuclear. AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  16

The effect of international agreements AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  17

Holes in the ozone layer Get the gas right Pollution problem Gas Global warming Carbon dioxide Acid rain Sulfur dioxide Holes in the ozone layer CFCs AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  18

The carbon cycle C entering C exiting Respiration Fossil formation Dissolve in water Combustion Photosynthesis AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  19

Preventing global warming Energy efficiency means less fuel burned to make electricity. Fuel cell buses. Renewable energy sources like water power, solar, wind farms, bio fuels. Nuclear power. The Kyoto agreement to reduce CO2 emissions. AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  20

Supermarket plastic bags Digital Vision 15(NT) Each one takes 100 years to rot…..

Biodegradable plastic bags …but not these ones Paul Connell This is not the only supermarket to use biodegradable bags.

Symphony plastics make a range of biodegradable plastic products. www.degradable.net Look out for their flash animation on: http://www.degradable.net/how/summary.shtml See also http://www.biopac.co.uk/ They have lots of pictures of their products and ‘environmental information’

Sustainable development B1b 8.4 What is sustainable development? AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  24

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Sustainability is not about doing less – it is about doing more (but doing it with less). Sustainable development combines human progress and environmental stability. It means looking after the environment. Sustainable technologies could go on forever without damaging the environment for our grandchildren or our grandchildren’s grandchildren. AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  26

Unsustainable technology Uses resources that cannot be replaced Produces wastes that cannot be broken down Steals from the future to feed the present AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  27

Sustainable technology Uses resources that are replaced regularly Produces wastes that break down harmlessly Protects the future AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  28

Sustainable? Or not? Air travel Motor cars Farming Fishing AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  29

How could you make electricity generation more sustainable? Click here to play video AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  30

How could you make electricity generation more sustainable? Click here to play video Use renewable energy sources Use non-polluting energy AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  31

How could you make transport more sustainable? Click here to play video AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  32

How could you make transport more sustainable? Click here to play video Support more public transport systems Encourage purchase of local resources and products Use more energy-efficient vehicles Build towns without need for cars AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  33

How could you make housebuilding more sustainable? Click here to play video AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  34

How could you make housebuilding more sustainable? Click here to play video Use natural, low-energy materials in construction Avoid waste-generating techniques Make houses smaller and more energy efficient AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  35

How could you make waste collection more sustainable? Click here to play video AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  36

How could you make waste collection more sustainable? Click here to play video Recycle more Avoid landfill wherever possible Reduce waste creation (e.g. excessive packaging) Use waste for new products (e.g. making fleeces out of plastic waste) AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  37

Indicator species K.W Planning permission SSIS Lichens Sustainability AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  38

Planning permission Field studies take place- To predict the effect on the environment Brown field site-Usually in towns/cities.They have already been used. Often sites of old buildings,factories even rubbish tips! Green field sites- Country side that has not been built on We can use indicator species as indicators of pollution AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  39

Sites of Scientific interest Interesting/Unique landscape. Home to rare species/Breeding grounds AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  40

Lichens AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  41

Water pollution Invertebrates are used. Blood worm AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  42

Using the keywords Describe the green house effect. Plenary Using the keywords Describe the green house effect. K.W Combustion Global warming Methane Rice paddy fields Reflection AQA Science © Nelson Thornes Ltd 2006  43