CHAPTER 2 MINERALS OF THE EARTH’S CRUST Page 66 in textbook

Log: Dec. 3rd, 2010  Are all rocks minerals or are all minerals rocks?  Explain?

Section 2 Page 70 Identifying Minerals

Log: Jan. 4 th 2011  1. Describe the two major groups of minerals?  2. Explain why scientist consider ice to be a mineral.

Section 3: Formation Mining and use of minerals Texbook Page:74

Log: Jan. 5 th  List 3 minerals you used today and how?

Mineral Formation  The environment determines the type of mineral formed  6 main types of mineral formations  Evaporating Salt water  Limestone  Metamorphic  Hot-Water Solution  Pegmatites  Plutons

Evaporating Salt Water  Salt water (ocean & sea) evaporates a leaves behind minerals in the form of crystals  Examples: gypsum and halite

Metamorphic  Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have "morphed" into another kind of rock.  These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks.  The rocks are under tons and tons of pressure, which fosters heat build up, and this causes them to change. (temperature, pressure change the chemical make-up)

Limestone  Surface water and ground water carry minerals from the land into lakes and seas  Minerals crystallize and form limestone  Example: calcite and dolomite

Hot-Water Solution  Ground water moves downward towards core and is heated by magma.  When heated it dissolves metals and other elements  When it cools it crystallizes  Example: Gold, Copper, Pyrite

Pegmatites  When magma moves up an cools in teardrop shapes  Gets large can be meter long  Example: Topaz and tourmaline Topaz tourmaline

Plutons  Magma that moves slow toward surface stopping before it reaches surface cools slowly  This forms many mineral crystals called pluton  Example: mica, feldspar, magnetite, quartz Quartz mica Feldspar

Mining 2 Types  Surface  Used when ore is close to the surface of Earth’s Crust  Open pit  Quarries  Coal mines  Subsurface  Used when Ore is very deep with in Earth Crust  Must build passage ways / tunnels to extract ore

Terms to learn  Ore- a large amount of a valuable mineral that can be mined  Reclamation- process of returning land to it’s original state after mining is complete

The Use of Minerals Page 78  Some minerals are extremely important to our world.  What minerals can you think of that you use everyday? MineralUses DiamondJewelry, cutting tools, drill bits SilverPhotography, electronics products, jewelry HaliteNutrition highway de-icer water softer

Metallic Minerals  Shiny Surface  Light does not pass through  Great conductors of energy  Can be pressed are bendable

Non Metallic  May have shiny or dull surface  Good insulators  May or may not let light pass  Widely used in industry  Example:  Glasses  calcite used in concrete

Gemstones  A type of non-metallic mineral  Highly valuable  Color is most important  Hard enough to cut and polish  Example: Diamond, Ruby, Sapphire, topaz, emerald

Log: Jan. 6 th 2011  What are the two types of mining describe them?  Describe this minerals luster.  Work on completing your Directed Reading A.B.

Assignment  Make 10 Study Cards using information in section 3  Front : Create a Quiz question  Back: Answer  Things to Consider  Vocabulary Words  Types of rocks Formation Page (74-75)  Differences in Metallic and Non-Metallic