1. Notes: Mineral Uses

2. Uses in Industry
Metals for cars and airplanes

3. Uses in Industry
Quartz and feldspar for glass

4. Uses in Industry
Fluorite and calcite for toothpaste

5. Uses in the Arts
Mica and talc for paint

6. Uses in the Arts
Beautiful minerals used for jewelry or decoration are known as gemstones.

7. Uses in the Arts
When gemstones are found, they are usually rough and irregularly shaped.

8. Uses in the Arts
The material used to polish a gemstone must be at least as hard as the gemstone itself.

9. Metals like gold and silver are also used to make jewelry.
Uses in the Arts
Metals like gold and silver are also used to make jewelry.

10. Video Clips
DiscoveryED: How do we use minerals?
DiscoveryED: Real vs. Lab Diamonds
Cutting Diamonds: MLa8KeiMQQ

11. How do minerals form?
The minerals that can form in an area depends on what elements are there.
Temperature and pressure can also affect which minerals form.

12. How do minerals form?
Some common ways that minerals form…

13. How do minerals form?
Water evaporates
Minerals dissolved in water are left behind when the water evaporates.

14. Hot water cools How do minerals form?
Very hot water can dissolve minerals.
When the water cools, the minerals reform as solids.

15. Molten rock cools How do minerals form?
Minerals form when magma (molten rock inside Earth) cools.
Minerals also form when lava (magma that has reached Earth’s surface) cools.

16. Heat and pressure How do minerals form?
Carbon can become graphite or diamond under different amounts of heat and pressure.

17. From Organisms How do minerals form?
A small number of minerals are produced by living things
Example: calcite in seashells
Example: apatite in your teeth

18. Before minerals can be used, they must be removed from the ground.
Mining
Before minerals can be used, they must be removed from the ground.
Rocks that have minerals we can mine for $ are called ores.

19. We mine minerals near Earth’s surface with surface mining.
Example: Panning
when minerals are separated from water by sifting or filtering.

20. Example: Strip mining Surface Mining
miners strip away plants, soil, and rocks before digging out the ores.

21. Example: Open-pit mining
Surface Mining
Example: Open-pit mining
removing the surface layer of soil and then using explosives to break apart the rock underneath.

22. Deep Mining
Deep mining is used when an ore is deep underground.
Miners cut a passage to reach the minerals.
The passageways can be cut horizontally (sideways) or vertically (up and down).

23. From the passage, miners blast, drill, cut, or dig the ore.
Deep Mining
From the passage, miners blast, drill, cut, or dig the ore.
The world’s deepest gold mine is 3 km deep!

24. What types of minerals form in an area depends in part on
Review
What types of minerals form in an area depends in part on
Which elements are present
The types of rock present
The density of rocks present
Whether crystals can form

25. 2. Open-pit mining is used to obtain ores that lie Under flat land
Review
2. Open-pit mining is used to obtain ores that lie
Under flat land
Deep in Earth’s crust
Near the surface of Earth
In riverbeds

26. 3. Gemstones are used in Building materials Paper products
Review
3. Gemstones are used in
Building materials
Paper products
Automobile parts
Jewelry making