Transportation Security Administration Freight Rail Security Programs Scott Gorton TSA Freight Rail Security Division

What We Do

Focus on people (travelers, workers, crews, vendors) Inspect baggage (checked and carry-on) Inspect cargo (on passenger planes and cargo planes) Aircraft security Airport perimeter security Transit, rail, surface transportation Major Focus Areas of TSA

452 commercial airports 2 million airline passengers daily 361 major seaports 51,000 ports of call by 7,500 foreign vessels 3.9 million miles of public roads 140,000 miles of major railroads 25,000 miles of commercial navigable waterways 2.2 million miles of pipelines TSA’s Responsibilities Encompass the U.S. Transportation System

TSA Organization Assistant Administrator Ports & Intermodal Highway Airports General Aviation Cargo Pipeline Freight Rail Mass Transit Office of Transportation Sector Network Management

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FREIGHT RAIL TRANSPORTAION SECURITY STRATEGIC GOAL Reduce the risk associated with the freight rail transportation of potentially dangerous cargoes and increase the resiliency of the freight rail network. STRATEGIC METHODOLOGY Partner with industry and government stakeholders to identify and implement programs and processes to achieve measurable risk reduction through collaborative and regulatory initiatives. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES Reduce the Vulnerability of Cargo Reduce the Vulnerability of the Network Reduce the Consequences of Attack

Freight Rail Security Program Goals  Raise the security baseline  Reduce the risk associated with the transportation of T oxic I nhalation H azard (TIH) materials  Assess freight transportation operations and assets  Provide assistance in the implementation of security risk mitigation strategies

On-going Projects in Freight Rail  Rail Corridor Comprehensive Reviews  TIH Risk Reduction  Security Action Items  Tank Car Tracking  Rail Security Rule  Dispersion Modeling  Tank Car Consequence  Training  Bridge Criticality Assessments  Ammonium Nitrate Studies

Rail Corridor Reviews  TSA’s process that identifies operational practices in an HTUA rail corridor that may result in heightened risk  Comprehensive reviews involve assault planners as well as State and Local officials and their first responders  This process is the baseline for the Security Action Items and Risk Reduction Program

Strategy for TIH Risk reductionGoal Achieve a significant reduction in the objectively measured risk of “Toxic-by-Inhalation” rail cargoes through HTUA Industry agreement achieves DHS goal over two yearsStrategy Secure chain of custody for TIH shipments Minimize standing, unattended TIH cars and trains in HTUA Reduce TIH train delays in HTUA Establish secure storage area standards for TIH rail cars in HTUA

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TIH Risk Reduction Verification System

Security Action Items June 2006, DHS/DOT issued industry best practices called “Security Action Items”: These 24 practices were distributed to rail carriers and Federal partners Security measures for TIH rail carriers Items address three operational areas: system security, access control and en route security Initiated surveys to ascertain industry implementation in September 2006 Three supplemental Security Action Items agreed upon with industry in November 2006, for a total of 27

Tank Car Tracking o Part of the requirements of the Transportation Security Rail Rule o Carriers must report location of single TIH car within five minutes o Carriers must report location of all TIH cars on system within thirty minutes o FY 09 FRSGP - GPS

Rail security rule – Major Provisions  49 CFR Part 1520  1520 Protection of Sensitive Security Information  Adds definitions for rail centric terminology to the SSI rules  Part 1580 – Rail Transportation Security  Subpart A—Scope, Definitions, Authority  : Inspection Authority  Subpart B-Freight Rail Provisions  : Applicability  : Requires Rail Security Coordinator  : Location and Shipping Information  : Reporting Significant Security Concerns  : Chain of Custody and Control  : Preemptive Effect  Subpart C-Passenger Rail Provisions  : Rail Security Coordinator  : Reporting Significant Security Concerns Applies to rail carriers, hazmat shippers, and hazmat receivers Applies to passenger and mass transit operators

Shipment Cycle CARRIER TO CARRIER INTERCHANGE (OUTSIDE HTUA) SHIPPER TO CARRIER CARRIER SWITCHINGCREW CHANGES CARRIER TO CARRIER INTERCHANGE (IN HTUA) CARRIER TO RECEIVER (IN HTUA) REGULATORY VOLUNTARY CARRIER TO RECEIVER (OUTSIDE HTUA) CARRIER TO CARRIER INTERCHANGE (OUTSIDE HTUA) Assess Unattended Cars, Dwell Time Reduction Chain of Custody Rule HTUAHTUA

Dispersion Modeling Mission To identify a scientific and computer based methodology supported by industry, government and academic community that TSA can use to predict the behavior of a TIH (chlorine) release after an attack on a 90 ton DOT Specification 105J500W tank car in a densely populated urban area. Where We Are Validating Consensus building Release testing for both Chlorine and Anhydrous Ammonia has been conducted Consolidation of data, release of preliminary results, and peer review in Summer of 2010

Tank Car Consequence  Project Steps  Identify threat and threat scenarios for TIH tank cars – done with FBI help  Determine expected attack hole size in the tank car from a variety of breach tactics – NSWC analysis done, testing in progress  Problems likely with source release conditions (release amount, release rate, chemical phase of released cloud – aerosol, vapor, pooling)  Understand importance of topography, building and structures when modeling a dense gas  Validate with release testing  Where We Are:  Weapons testing conducted in Spring 2010  Possibility of developing additional scenarios  Formal program consisting of industry and government created to work on the development of a stronger tank car

Training for Railroad Employees Freight Rail Security IED Detection and Recognition Training

Bridge Criticality Assessment  Provides the ability to identify the nation’s most critical freight railroad bridges  Provides fact-based, analytical, defendable, and reasonable risk assessment results  Aligns with DHS’ goal of risk-based decision making  Augments other critical TSA freight rail assessment initiatives currently underway (e.g., Corridor Assessments, Comprehensive Reviews)  Intuitive tool for assessing risk to freight railroad bridges

TSA/TSWG Ammonium Nitrate Detonability Review and Assessment Project  Can AN in bulk quantities in rail and highway transportation be “weaponized”?  Weaponized - Using hand carried objects to cause catastrophic explosion related to destruction of property and persons Task 1: Literature Review and Evaluation – Studies, tests, accidents Task 2: AN characteristics Task 3: Conduct Gap analysis Task 4: Periodic Project Review Meetings – Project stakeholders Project Tasks

Freight Rail Security Grant Program (FRSGP) In FY 2009, the FRSGP funded: Security training for frontline employees, Completion of vulnerability assessments, Development of security plans within the freight rail industry and GPS tracking systems for railroad cars transporting toxic inhalation hazardous (TIH) materials.

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