1. Defense of Trains and Rail System Infrastructure in Arizona.
Laura Gladney
Tim Lant
Erin Mote
Rick Rager

2. Arizona Overview 2100 miles of track. Major rail yard in Tucson.
Branch lines through Phoenix.
The Union Pacific Sunset Route
Arizona’s busiest rail line.
Connects Los Angeles, Tucson and El Paso.
High volume of industrial cargo.
Passenger Routes share lines with cargo trains.
Mining Industry dependent on rail transportation.
Bottlenecks at Yuma and near Tucson.

3. Rail Infrastructure
Rail Lines in Arizona

4. Union Pacific Rail Lines in Arizona
Rail Infrastructure
Union Pacific Rail Lines in Arizona
Sunset Route

5. Rail Infrastructure

6. Regulation: Federal State Federal Railroad Association DOE/NRC/EPA
Set standards for car maintenance & labor standards.
DOE/NRC/EPA
Set standards and test nuclear waste packaging.
Department of Homeland Security
Oversight of defense & response through FEMA.
Oversight of U.S. Customs
U.S. Customs
C-TPAT (Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism) Certification
State
Only intrastate commerce and transportation!!!
Clean-up.

7. Regulation: Corporate Security and maintenance of all rail assets.
Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism Certification (C-TPAT)
Security assessment & certification
TRAMSA (Terrorism Risk Analysis and Security Management Plan)
Security alert and response plan.
Railway Alert System (RAN)
Emergency response system and intelligence sharing.
Surface Transportation Information Sharing Analysis Center (ST-ISAC)
Protection of railroad IT systems.

8. Regulation Federal Agency Involvement Dept. of Homeland Security (DOH)
Assoc. of American Railroads
Railroad Industry
Dept. of Transpor-
tation (DOT)
Depart-ment of Energy (DOE)

9. Regulation Cont. Department of Energy Nuclear Regulatory Commission
DOE
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Determines the standards for
transportation of nuclear waste

10. Regulation Cont. Department of Homeland Security
Customs- Certification and Cargo Inspection
Coast Guard-
Cargo Entry Inspection
FEMA- Coordination of Emergency Response
DOH

11. Regulation Cont.
Department of Transportation Interagency Coordination:
FTA-
Commuter Rail Security
STC- Economic Regulation of Railroads (replaced ICC)
OISC -
DOT Security Agency
ITSJPO – Coordination of all DOT Agencies
FRA -Enforcement of Railroad Regulation
DOT

12. Risks & Vulnerabilities
Vulnerabilities to terrorism and sabotage:
Hazardous cargo moving through high population areas.
Industrial chemicals
Nuclear waste
Critical infrastructure with high traffic.
Passenger Trains.

13. Risks & Vulnerabilities
High frequency of train accidents.
Less expensive for rail carriers to clean up accidents than to prevent accidents.

14. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario I: HazMat. High population center.
Cargo of explosive or hazardous materials.

15. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario I: Specifics.
Phoenix, Tempe, or Tucson.
Explosives on railcar or derailment.
Large Blast Radius or Chemical Cloud.
Phoenix
Tucson

16. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario I: Policy recommendations.
Evacuation plan for metropolitan areas.
Patrols of rail lines by local police.
Divert shipments around cities when possible.
Training for incident response team.
Oversight by Office of Homeland Security and Arizona Department of Homeland Security.

17. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario II - Passenger:
Amtrack train on Sunset route.
High speed derailment or explosion.

18. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario II -Specifics:
High speed = High fatalities.
Rock slides or high falls.
Scenario II – Policy Recommendations:
Train Marshalls.
Passenger Screenings.
Police check bridges and tunnels.

19. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario III – Take out the Bridge!
Destroy Yuma Bridge with explosives.
Remove rail ties near Tucson.
Yuma Bridge

20. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario III: No Alternate Routes!!!
Disruption of train service in Southwest, California and Texas.
Destruction of critical infrastructure.

21. Terrorism & Sabotage: Scenario III-Policy Recommendations:
Place sensors on bridges to detect tampering.
Visual Inspection by local police.
Closed circuit monitoring coordinated through ST-IASC.

22. Terrorism & Sabotage Scenario IV – Nuclear Catastrophe:
Attack a train carrying nuclear waste.

23. Terrorism & Sabotage Scenario IV: Explosives placed on waste package.
Derailment will “probably” not work.

24. Terrorism & Sabotage Scenario IV - Specifics:
Waste containers strong enough to withstand crush forces and sustained burn.
40 pounds of shaped high level explosives will vaporize waste and container.
30 times fatal radiation dose from α-radiation.
Nuclear chain reaction from γ-radiation.
Less than 4% of radioactive waste.

25. Terrorism & Sabotage Scenario IV – Policy Recommendations:
Be very careful with γ-radiation.
Existing Policy
TRU waste packages.
Satellite Navigation Systems.
Armed Escorts.
Dedicated Trains.
Reinforced Train cars.
Special cars that check tracks before trains.

26. Terrorism & Sabotage Other Scenarios.
Dirty-Bomb moving through populated area on train.
Release of biological agent on train.
Computer hacking into control center.
Theft of train.
Multiple scenario attack.

27. Questions?