THE MICROSCOPE

CONCEPTS EXPLORED IN THIS LESSON The Function of Microscopes The Development of the Microscope Types of Microscopes Parts of the Compound Light Microscope How to Calculate Magnification How to Make a Wet Mount

THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? Snout Nose Beetle

THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? Paramecium

THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? Human Hair

What made guessing easier? Enlarged images produced by MAGNIFICATION! THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES Can you tell what these three things are? 1) 2) 3) Would this make guessing easier? What made guessing easier? Enlarged images produced by MAGNIFICATION!

THE FUNCTION OF MICROSCOPES The function of a microscope is to _______ the image of a ________ (object under study) enlarge specimen so that it is easier to see its details.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE It's a mammoth! Early Microscope

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans 100 By this time, glass had been invented and the Romans were experimenting with different ______ of glass. shapes One shape was thick in the middle and thinner at the edges.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans Salvino D'Armante 100 1284 They found that this "lens" could make an object appear _____. larger The word "lens" comes from the Latin word for _____ due its resemblance in shape. lentil The word lens comes from the Latin word lentil, because the shape of the lens resembles a lentil.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen 100 1284 1590 This Italian is credited for using lenses to create the first wearable __________. eyeglasses The word lens comes from the Latin word lentil, because the shape of the lens resembles a lentil.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek 100 1284 1590 1674 This Dutch eyeglass maker experimented with putting _______ lenses in a tube, multiple compound microscope thus creating the first _________ __________.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek 100 1284 1590 1674 He built a simple _________ microscope to examine blood, yeast, insects and other small objects. single lens He was the first to describe the existence of _______ using his microscope. bacteria

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Jackson Lister 100 1284 1590 1674 1830 He created better ways to _____ and ______ lenses grind which greatly improved the ability of the lenses to _______ the images of objects. polish magnify

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Jackson Lister Ernst Ruska 100 1284 1590 1674 1830 1931 He improved on the _________ of images sharpness by experimenting with the ________ between lenses. distances He created the prototype for the modern day ______________ __________. compound light microscope

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROSCOPE Early Romans Salvino D'Armante Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek Joseph Jackson Lister Ernst Ruska 100 1284 1590 1674 1830 1931 He invented the ________ __________. electron microscope It used a beam of electrons, instead of visible light, to view specimens. This won him a __________ in physics in 1986. Nobel Prize

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses Image 3-D, real color or stain slices or whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses Human Cheek Cells Onion Cells Paramecium Image 3-D, real color or stain slices or whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses Tree Frog Embryos Wolf Spider Moth Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x 50 000 000x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer Hanta Virus Mitochondrion Viral DNA Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x 50 000 000x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer electrons and a computer 3-D surfaces, false color Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained whole, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x 50 000 000x 250 000x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment very detailed 3-D images, complex specimen preparation, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

TYPES OF MICROSCOPES Compound Light Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Dissection Microscope Microscope Forming the Image visible light and lenses visible light and lenses electrons and a computer electrons and a computer Spider Silk Snow Flake Bee Head 3-D surfaces, false color Image 3-D, real color or stain 3-D, real color 2-D, false color slices or whole, live or dead whole, live or dead very thin slices, dead, gold stained whole, dead, gold stained Specimen Maximum Magnification 1000x 100x 50 000 000x 250 000x cheap and simple, can dissect whole specimens, but limited resolution very high resolution, complex specimen preparation, cannot observe surfaces, expensive equipment very detailed 3-D images, complex specimen preparation, expensive equipment Advantages and Disadvantages cheap and simple, but low resolution

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Do you know some of these parts? Label as many parts as you can using the terms provided. A revolving nosepiece B arm diaphragm F ocular lens / eyepiece G condenser C objective lenses K stage clips J body tube H L base I light source / illuminator M coarse adjustment knob D E stage fine adjustment knob

Did your labels look something like this? PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Did your labels look something like this? A ocular lens/eyepiece B body tube F revolving/rotating nosepiece G objective lenses C arm stage clips K stage J H coarse adjustment knob condenser L I fine adjustment knob M diaphragm light source/ illuminator E D base

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Ocular Lens / Eyepiece A Contains a lens to _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The usual magnification is ___ X. 10

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Ocular Lens / Eyepiece A Contains a lens to _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The usual magnification is ___ X. 10 Some microscopes have ___ ocular lenses. two

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Body Tube B It ________ the eyepiece to the objective lenses. connects It ensures the correct ________ of the microscope components alignment to correctly _____ the light from the specimen into the viewer’s eye. direct

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Arm C It ________ the body tube to the base. connects One ____ should be around the arm when _______ the microscope hand (the other should be under the ____). carrying base

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Arm C It ________ the body tube to the base. connects One ____ should be around the arm when _______ the microscope hand (the other should be under the ____). carrying base

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Base It ________ the weight of the microscope. supports It contains the _________ and __________. electronics light source D One hand should be _____ the base while _______ the microscope under (the other hand should be holding the arm). carrying

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Base It ________ the weight of the microscope. supports It contains the _________ and __________. electronics light source D One hand should be _____ the base while _______ the microscope under (the other hand should be holding the arm). carrying

Light Source / Illuminator PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Light Source / Illuminator It sends light _______ through the _____________ upwards E and through the ____ in the stage condenser lens hole onto the ________ on the slide. specimen

Light Source / Illuminator PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Light Source / Illuminator mirror It sends light _______ through the _____________ upwards E and through the ____ in the stage condenser lens hole onto the ________ on the slide. specimen Older microscopes used to use ______ to ______ the ambient light upwards. mirrors reflect

Revolving/Rotating Nose Piece PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Revolving/Rotating Nose Piece F The _____________ are attached to it. objective lenses _______ the nose piece allows you to _____ between the different lenses. Rotating switch

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Objective Lenses Low (scanning) 4 X Medium 10 X G High 40 X These lenses further _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The magnifications are usually ___ , ____ and ____ . 4 X 10 X 40 X There are usually __ lenses 3

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Objective Lenses G These lenses further _______ the image of the specimen. magnify The magnifications are usually ___ , ____ and ____ . 4 X 10 X 40 X There are usually __ lenses 3 but some have __ lenses. 4

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Objective Lenses Low Medium High G As the power increases, the magnification becomes _____ , but the field of view (visible area) becomes _______. larger smaller

Coarse Adjustment Knob PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Coarse Adjustment Knob H The ____ knob you should use, and always under ___ power. first low Never use it in ____ power. high

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Fine Adjustment Knob H I The ____ knob you should use, and always under ___ power. first low Never use it in ____ power. high The ______ knob you should use under ______ power second higher for _____ focusing. exact Both knobs move the _____ up and down stage to help put the specimen in _____. focus

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Fine Adjustment Knob H I Some microscopes have the two knobs located ___________________. one on top of the other The smaller one on the bottom is always the ____ adjustment knob. fine

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Stage J The stage is where you place the ____ which contains the ________. slide specimen It contains a ____ that allows ____ to pass through the stage and onto the specimen. hole light

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Stage Clips K J The stage is where you place the ____ which contains the ________. slide specimen It contains a ____ that allows ____ to pass through the stage and onto the specimen. hole light The stage clips ______ the slide on the stage. secure

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Condenser Lens L The lens under the stage that ___________ from the illuminator through to the ____ in the stage. focuses light hole

PARTS OF THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE Diaphragm L The lens under the stage that ___________ from the illuminator through to the ____ in the stage. focuses light M hole It contains a dial that rotates to _____ the _____________ that reaches the specimen. adjust amount of light

HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ by the magnification of the ____________. multiply ocular lens objective lens

Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 1: What is the magnification using the high lens? low 4 Magnification = 10 x 4 = 40

Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 2: What is the magnification using the high lens? high 40 Magnification = 10 x 40 = 400

Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 2: What is the magnification using the medium lens? high 40 Magnification = 10 x 40 = 400

Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power HOW TO CALCULATE MAGNIFICATION To calculate the magnification of your image, you have to _______ the magnification of the __________ multiply by the magnification of the ____________. ocular lens objective lens Magnification = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power ocular 10 Example 3: What is the magnification using the medium lens? medium 10 Magnification = 10 x 10 = 100

HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain

HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles

HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles STEP 4: Use a bit of ___________ to blot any ______ liquid on the slide. paper towel excess

HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 Your specimen is now ready for viewing! degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles STEP 4: Use a bit of ___________ to blot any ______ liquid on the slide. paper towel excess

HOW TO MAKE A WET MOUNT In order to view some specimens under a microscope, they must be prepared on a slide within a _____ medium. This type of preparation is called a __________. liquid wet mount STEP 1: Place your specimen on a _________ slide. clean, dry STEP 2: Using an eye dropper, put ___ drops of _____ or ____ on your specimen. 1-2 water stain STEP 3: Place a ________ at the edge of one side of the liquid coverslip at a ___ ___________ 45 degree angle and slowly lower the cover slip to prevent _______. bubbles Making Wet Mounts STEP 4: Use a bit of ___________ to blot any ______ liquid on the slide. paper towel excess

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Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science Copyright © August 2014 Anh-Thi Tang (a.k.a. Tangstar Science) All rights reserved by author. This document is for personal classroom use only. This entire document, or any parts within, may not be electronically distributed or posted to any website including teacher or classroom blogs or websites. http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Tangstar-Science