Causes of the Civil War

(1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territories 1 1

2 2 Doubled the size of the U.S. Lead to debate on expansion of slavery Lead to the debate on expansion of slavery

3 3 every slave state, a free state must enter Set precedent that for every slave state, a free state must enter balance of free & slave states Kept the balance of free & slave states Banned slavery north of the 36° parallel

NULLFICATION CRISIS (1832) NULLFICATION CRISIS (1832) – States’ Rights vs. Preserving the Union South Carolina nullifies Tariff of Abominations & threatens to secede 4 4

The issue stayed in the background after the Missouri Compromise On numerous occasions, Congress made motions to not discuss the topic in session The proposal to add new states and territories (Texas, New Mexico, and California) brought the issue back up

A bitter debate over slavery in the new west A bitter debate over slavery in the new west Rep. David Wilmot (Penn) Rep. David Wilmot (Penn) slavery be prohibited in any land acquired from Mexico – Proposed slavery be prohibited in any land acquired from Mexico Sen. John Calhoun (S.C.) Sen. John Calhoun (S.C.) – No govt. authority can prohibit or regulate slavery in a territory Neither proposal passed, but intensified the debate Neither proposal passed, but intensified the debate 5 5

Some say Missouri Compromise line should extend west Others called for popular sovereignty – People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery 5 5 Some say Missouri Compromise line should extend west Others called for popular sovereignty – People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery

1 st president never previously elected to a public office

Debate in Congress centered on California becoming a state The old guard of 19 th century politicians take the lead in Congress Clay seeks a compromise and makes over 70 speeches in the House (Webster supported holding the Union together) In the Senate, Calhoun (too sick to read his own statements) calls for the south to secede – DIES DURING THE DEBATE 5 5

President Taylor wants to abolish slavery and threatens to veto the bill Taylor dies suddenly– Millard Fillmore becomes President & signs the bill becomes President & signs the bill

Terms:Terms: Californiaas a free state California admitted as a free state Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia New Mexico & Utah under popular sovereignty New Mexico & Utah organized under popular sovereignty Texas gave up its western lands for $10 million Fugitive Slave Law passed North For the North South For the South 6 6

Return escaped slaves to their state & owner Return escaped slaves to their state & owner All citizens help All citizens expected to help Return escaped slaves to their state & owner Return escaped slaves to their state & owner All citizens help All citizens expected to help 7 7

Whigs choose another Mexican War General (another war hero like Jackson) Whig party dying!!! 7 7

8 8 By Harriet Beecher Stowe By Harriet Beecher Stowe – Published in 1853 – Following the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act Lived in Cincinnati, Ohio – Home was a trail on the Underground Railroad – Based the book on case histories from escaped slaves Persuaded northerners to become abolitionists Persuaded more people particularly northerners to become abolitionists

Northerners should/should not follow the Fugitive Slave Act and assist in capturing “runaway” slaves because…