1. 5.1: Sectionalism from 1820-1850  Follow along in the student packet: “Content students MUST KNOW to be successful on the GHSGT” (pg. 87-89)

2. Missouri Compromise, 1820

3. Tariffs & the Nullification Crisis

4. Nullification Crisis  1828  1828: Tariff of Abominations  Protected Northern industry  Southerners were outraged  1832  1832: Another high tariff  John C. Calhoun threatened that South Carolina would nullify the tariff  President Andrew Jackson created the Force Bill to make SC pay  1833  1833: Henry Clay created a lower, “compromise tariff” to end the issue

5. The Mexican-American War Wilmot Proviso, 1846

6. Territorial Expansion by 1850California The discovery of gold in California led to a gold rush in 1849

7. Territorial Expansion by 1850

8. The Compromise of 1850 CA admitted as a free state Popular sovereignty would decide slavery in Utah & New Mexico A stronger Fugitive Slave Law was created to appease the South Ended the slave trade in Washington DC (but not slavery)

10. Key Abolitionists Frederick Douglass was a former slave who fought to abolish slavery William Lloyd Garrison, editor of the newspaper The Liberator, fought to abolish slavery. Harriet Tubman led the Underground Railroad

12. Who published The Liberator and believed in the immediate and complete abolition of slavery? 1. The Grimke sisters 2. William Lloyd Garrison 3. Harriet Tubman 4. Frederick Douglas 5. Harriet Beecher Stowe 10

13. This person was a former slave who learned to read and write and lectured on the evils of slavery? 1. The Grimke sisters 2. Martin Van Buren 3. Harriet Tubman 4. Frederick Douglas 5. Harriet Beecher Stowe 10

14. The Missouri Compromise did all of the following EXCEPT 1. Maine became a free state 2. Missouri became a slave state 3. Opened all the territories to slavery 4. Preserved the balance of free and slave states 10

15. The Compromise of 1850 did all of the following EXCEPT 1. California became a free state 2. New Mexico became a slave state 3. Introduced the concept of “popular sovereignty” 4. Preserved the balance of free and slave states 10

16. According to popular sovereignty, the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in a territory would be decided by 1. Residents of the territory 2. The Senate 3. The House of Representatives 4. The President 10

17. John C. Calhoun believed that state governments had a right to declare federal laws unconstitutional because 1. States were elected by the people. 2. States spoke more directly to the people. 3. States had created the national government. 4. States existed before the National government. 10

18. Jackson did not accept “nullification” because he believed it 1. threatened the federal government’s power and authority 2. gave Congress too much power over the states 3. took away powers from the state governments 4. made the federal government too powerful 10

19. President Polk wanted Mexico to take military action against the U.S. in the 1840’s because 1. Mexico would have to buy their gunpowder from the U.S. 2. Mexico wouldn’t accept U.S. offer to buy land. 3. Mexico wouldn’t enter the Industrial Revolution. 4. Polk thought the U.S. was better at defense than offense. 10

20. Polk used this as grounds for declaring war against Mexico 1. Nonpayment of debts 2. Declaration of the border 3. Attack on General Zachary Taylor’s forces 4. Annexation of Texas 10

21. The Wilmot Proviso proposed that slavery should be banned from 1. California only 2. All the territories won from Mexico 3. The entire nation 4. The District of Columbia 10