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A Road Map to Civil War: An Uneasy Compromise

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1 A Road Map to Civil War: An Uneasy Compromise

2 Northwest Ordinance (1787)
(1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territories

3 Louisiana Purchase (1803) Lead to the debate on expansion of slavery
Doubled the size of the U.S.

4 Missouri Compromise (1820)
Created MO/ME and banned slavery north of the 36° parallel 36’30 Line Kept the balance of free & slave states

5 States Rights and Nullification
Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Senate: Webster-Hayne Debate Vice-President John C. Calhoun claimed “states should have final authority on whether to follow acts of Congress” He felt states had the right to judge if a law is constitutional Congressmen from South Carolina defended & promoted secession 5

6 Slavery and Abolitionism
Abolitionists believed slavery was morally wrong should be ended immediately Southerners denied the allegations of Abolitionists and defended slavery and the treatment of African Americans

7 Wilmot Proviso A bitter debate over slavery in the new west
Rep. David Wilmot (Penn) Proposed slavery be prohibited in any land acquired from Mexico Sen. John Calhoun (S.C.) No govt. authority can prohibit or regulate slavery in a territory Neither proposal passed, but intensified the debate

8 Wilmot Proviso

9 Moderate Views Some say Missouri Compromise line should extend west
5 Moderate Views Some say Missouri Compromise line should extend west Others called for popular sovereignty People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery Some say Missouri Compromise line should extend west Others called for popular sovereignty People in the territories will vote on whether to allow or deny slavery

10 Mexican Cession and Gold Rush
Opened up new debate about the expansion of slavery Many northerners did not want slavery to expand west Southerners defended the expansion of slavery, arguing that slaves were property The population boom in California lead to its admittance as a free state and an unbalance of power in Congress between free and slave states

11 The Debate of 1850 The Great Three take the lead in Congress
Debate in Congress centered on California becoming a state The Great Three take the lead in Congress Clay seeks a compromise and makes over 70 speeches in support of Compromise(Webster supported holding the Union together) In the Senate, Calhoun (too sick to read his own statements) calls for the south to secede – DIES BEFORE THE ISSUE IS DECIDED

12 Debates on the proposals for Compromise, 1850
John C Calhoun March 1850 Daniel Webster March 1850

13 Senate Debate on the Compromise of 1850
John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster What was the purpose of the speech? How does the Senator address the issue of slavery? What are his arguments for/against preserving the Union?

14 Henry Clay’s Proposed Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state Slave trade ended in D.C. Rest of the Mexican Cession open to slavery by popular sovereignty Texas give up western lands Stronger Fugitive Slave Law to help southern slaveholders recapture runaway slaves in the north

15 Fugitive Slave Law Helped slaveholders return escaped slaves to the south Any citizen could be deputized to help capture escaped slaves Fugitives held without warrants Commissioners paid $5 to release and $10 for return to slave owner .

16 Kansas-Nebraska Act Passed
Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act to organize the Nebraska Territory Split into 2 territories, Kansas and Nebraska To get southern support to pass the bill he suggested using popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery within these two territories

17 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Nebraska Territory split Popular Sovereignty would decide issue of slavery in Kansas/Nebraska

18 Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)

19 Bleeding Kansas Proslavery and Antislavery supporters flooded Kansas to vote for a territorial legislature March 1855 Many Missouri slaveholders crossed the border to vote illegally in the election Only 1,500 eligible voters lived in Kansas, but 6,000 vote Creates a proslavery Legislature Results in a series of clashes between proslavery and antislavery forces

20 Bleeding Kansas Extreme abolitionist John Brown leads antislavery forces in raid of proslavery settlement, killing 5 people Known as Pottawatomie Massacre Sparked 3 years of civil war in Kansas that resulted in many deaths and political turmoil

21 Violence Spreads to Congress
Senator Charles Sumner (MA) gave a speech in the Senate attacking proslavery forces in Kansas and their supporters in congress Insulted A.P. Butler, a senator from S.C. Preston Brooks a representative and relative of Butler, retataliated by beating Sumner over the head as he sat at his desk

22

23 American Expansion and Division

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