Energy Consumption

Energy Sources  99% comes from the sun –Ex Water- The water cycle transports water up hills and mountains we trap the water and use it to make electricity. –Evaporation from heat transports the water  Types –Solar –Hydrogen –Nuclear-Fission/ Fusion –PETROCHEMICALS –OIL –GAS-HEATING OIL-DIESEL- AIRPLANE GAS-KEROSENE –Hydro thermal –Wind –Biomass-wood –Coal-

Energy use by source  Developing counries –25% Coal –26% Oil –7% Natural Gas –1% Nuclear Power –6% Hydro/Geothermal/solar –35%Biomass

Energy wasted  84% of all energy used is wasted –41% is wasted by entrophy – 43% could be conserved

How may we conserve energy  Turn off lights  Recycle  Use compact light bulbs.

Energy use by source  Developed countries –25% Coal –37% Oil –23% Natural Gas –5% Nuclear Power –7% Hydro/Geothermal/solar –3%Biomass

Pathways of waste  Nuclear –Mining-95% –Processing-54% –Power plant 17% –Electron transfer15% –Heat-0  Passive Solar  Sunlight-90%  Heat-0

What is oil where is it used?  What if there was no oil what would we have? –We would have to use other energy sources as coal? –Electricity would be more expensive and limited –Less people? –Less imported products fewer stuff – No cars –Less smog (Pollution from combustion) –No plastics –Less clothing –No TV and no computers. We are addicted to oil

Oil is made by  Pressure on buried marine plankton over millions of years converts the dead organisms into oil and natural gas.  This reaction occurs in the earth over millions of years and requires millions of tons of pressure.

Petrochemical Oil  Primary oil –removed by drilling  Secondary oil –removed by pumping water or CO2 in to nearby wells.  For each primary barrel there are 2 secondary barrels.  Crude oil- what is in the ground –A mixture of different hydrocarbons.  We use heat and pressure to remove the various hydrocarbons. In refineries.

Oil Reserves  All oil reserves may be depleted in years.  Global oil use is projected to increase by 25 % by 2010.

The pros and cons to oil consumption  Cheap –the price it takes to produce is very low.  Easy- our technology and infastructure is already in place.  Convenient-is a liquid

US Oil  5% of the oil we use is domestic.  6 year supply  Drilling an the artic reserves will only add.1% to our supply.  2.9% of the worlds supply is found in the US

Coal  The most abundant fuel source –10x more coal than oil world wide –Powers 65% of the world electricity –25% of the world supply is found in the US.  12% in Russia 11% China –Current coal reserves will last 300 years.  3 types –Liginite –Bituminous –Anthrocyte

Peat  -not coal  Partly decayed plant matter  Found in swamps  Low heat content

Lignite  Low heat  Low sulfur  Limited supplies  Made in shorter amounts of time

Bituminous  High heat content  Common In the US –Used to produce electricity.  High sulfur content –A major cause of acid rain

Anthracite  Highly desirable  High heat  Low sulfur  Oldest  Not common in the US

Problems  Strip mining –Millions of acres of mountain tops are cut and leveled off from strip mining. –Rivers and air around the mines are polluted –Residences are forced out of there houses and land. Air pollution -Creates acid rain -Releases mercury ¼ or all mercury in the air is released this way.