PROGRESSIVE ERA REFORM
Today is the last day to turn in your review for credit!!!!
Match the following 1. The goal was to break up monopolies and promote competition. 2. Required applicants to pass exams for government jobs. 3. Required Rail Roads to charge all customers the same rates. 4. Purchase of Alaska. a. Pendleton Civil Service Act. b. Seward’s Folly c. Interstate Commerce Act (Interstate Commerce Commission) d. Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Warm Up: Use page 383 to answer the following in your notebook 1.In what sections of the U.S. did Populism thrive? 2. Where did Populists have their roots? 3.To what did these new reformers react? 4.How did industrialization cost some members of society?
Progressive Beliefs “Government should” 1. Be more accountable to its citizens 2. Protect workers & help the poor
Goals 1. Moral improvement of society 2. Reduction of govt. corruption 3. Child labor laws
Writers & Reform Muckrakers: Journalists who uncover wrongdoing in politics or business
Upton Sinclair's “The Jungle” exposes dangerous conditions in the meatpacking industry. Henry George wanted to make land speculation less profitable by imposing a single tax on the value of land.
Their articles & books exposed corruption & inspired many to join efforts for reform: 1. Lincoln Steffens 2. Ida Tarbell 3. Upton Sinclair
Reform Organizations Labor Movement 1. Employers discourage union membership 2. Injunctions-court orders prohibit certain activities e.g strikes
Socialists 1. Wanted to end capitalist system 2. Distribute wealth equally 3. Govt. ownership of American industries
Women Reformers Florence Kelley: Convinced states to abolish child labor Along w/ Jane Addams worked to reform local labor conditions Mother Jones: Organized unions in mines of WV & CO
Results of Triangle Factory Fire workers killed 2. New workplace protections
Expanded Role for Govt. Social welfare programs: Ensure minimum standard of living
Municipal Reform 1. Aimed to end govt. corruption at city level 2. Favored city control of utilities
State Reforms: 1. Helped to end govt. corruption 2. Citizens gain more political power
Power to Voters 1. Direct primary- citizens vote to select nominees for upcoming elections 2. Initiative- citizens propose new laws 3. Referendum- allows citizens to approve/reject laws 4. Recall- voters remove public officials from office
Roosevelt & Reform Record included: 1. Conservation of land- more than 200 million acres 2. Breakup of trusts 3. Regulation of food & drugs
TR's “Square Deal” 1. United Mine workers strike 2. TR demands arbitration
Taft & Wilson
Conservationists: people who favor protection of the environment
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair 1. Management of public lands 2. Ballinger opposed conservation policies on federal land 3. Pinchot-head of US Forest Service
Election of 1912 Taft Roosevelt Wilson Debs
The Bull Moose Party “ I shall ask you to be as quiet as possible. I don't know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot; but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose.” TR 1. Name comes from TR comment 2. Platform supported women's suffrage
Split in Rep. Party gives Wilson win
Wilson as President 1. Clayton Antitrust Act favored by labor unions 2. FTC given power to stop businesses from unfair business tactics
The Federal Reserve 1. Established to reorganize federal bank 2. Created in response to economic overhaul
Limits of Progressivism
Focused mainly on: 1. Municipal problems 2. Problems of urban residents
3. African-Americans felt ignored 4. Ended by World War I
Suffrage at Last Early success with some states allowing women to vote
Arguments Against Suffrage 1. Would make women “too masculine” 2. Easily manipulated 3. Distract from home
Susan B. Anthony Civil disobedience: nonviolent refusal to obey a law Nations most famous suffragist Arrested for insisting on voting
Split in campaign caused by Alice Paul's aggressive military strategy
WWI More Americans support suffrage Blurred lines b/t men's & women's roles
Ended by passage of 19 th Amendment