PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook The University of West Alabama Student Version © 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Management: Principles and Practices Griffin Part 4

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–2 Individual Contributions Understanding Individuals in Organizations The Psychological ContractThe Psychological Contract  The overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return. The Psychological Contract Organizational Inducements

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–3 Personality and Individual Behavior PersonalityPersonality  The relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish individuals. Agreeableness Conscientiousness Extroversion Openness Negative Emotionality The “Big Five” Personality Traits

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–4 Other Personality Traits at Work Machiavellianism Self-Esteem Risk Propensity Personality Traits at Work Locus of Control Self-Efficacy Authoritarianism

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–5 Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence (EQ)Emotional Intelligence (EQ)  The extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills. Self-awareness Managing Emotions Empathy Social skills Motivating oneself Dimensions of EQ

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–6 Attitudes and Individual Behavior AttitudesAttitudes  Complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people. Affective Component Cognitive Component Intentional Component Attitudinal Components

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–7 Perception and Attribution AttributionAttribution  A mechanism through which we observe behavior and attribute a cause to it. The Framework for Attributions:The Framework for Attributions: Consistency Attribution DistinctivenessConsensus

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–8 Managing Stress Regular Exercise Relaxation Time Management Support Groups Stress Management Strategies for Individuals

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–9 The Creative Process Preparation Incubation Insight Verification

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–10 Workplace Behaviors Performance Behaviors Organizational Citizenship Withdrawal Behaviors Types of Workplace Behaviors

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–11 Types of Workplace Behavior (cont’d) Organizational CitizenshipOrganizational Citizenship  The behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to the organization. Social context of the workplace (work group) Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Organization’s capability to reward citizenship Individual’s personality, attitudes, and needs

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–12 Key Terms contributionscontributions psychological contractpsychological contract inducementsinducements individual differencesindividual differences personalitypersonality opennessopenness conscientiousnessconscientiousness negative emotionalitynegative emotionality extraversionextraversion “Big Five” personality traits“Big Five” personality traits locus of controllocus of control self-efficacyself-efficacy authoritarianismauthoritarianism MachiavellianismMachiavellianism self-esteemself-esteem risk propensityrisk propensity attitudesattitudes cognitive dissonancecognitive dissonance emotional intelligence (EQ)emotional intelligence (EQ) job satisfaction or dissatisfactionjob satisfaction or dissatisfaction

© 2010 South-Western, Cengage Learning, Inc. All rights reserved.11–13 Key Terms organizational commitmentorganizational commitment negative affectivitynegative affectivity perceptionperception selective perceptionselective perception stereotypingstereotyping attributionattribution stressstress Type BType B Type AType A General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) burnoutburnout creativitycreativity workplace behaviorworkplace behavior absenteeismabsenteeism turnoverturnover organizational citizenshiporganizational citizenship dysfunctional behaviorsdysfunctional behaviors