Communication

MEANING OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION IS THE BASIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN INTERACTION THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO ESTABLISH,MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE CONTACTS WITH OTHERS

DEFINITION THE WORD “COMMUNICATION” IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD “COMMUNICARE” OR “COMMUNICO” BOTH OF WHICH MEANS “TO SHARE” . COMMUNICATION IS DEFINED AS AN EXCHANGE OF FACTS,IDEAS,OPINIONS OR EMOTION BY TWO OR MORE PERSONS

COMMUNICATION PROCESS ELEMENTS 1.Referent 2.Sender 3.Message 4.Channel 5.Receiver 6.Feedback

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL TRNSPERSONAL PUBLIC

CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION ON THE BASIS OF RELATIONSHIP formal informal ON THE BASIS OF FLOW downward upward horizontal

contd ON THE BASIS OF EXPRESSION VERBAL oral written NONVERBAL IT INVOLVES FACIAL EXPRESSION BODY POSTURE TOUCH EYE CONTACT PERSONAL APPEARANCE GESTURES

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION INVOLVES Interchange of facts and thoughts a two- way process continuous or never-ending process pervasive function to create mutual understanding

OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNICATION TO INFORM TO EDUCATE TO MOTIVATE TO RELATE TO PROMOTE TO ENTERTAIN

Factors Influencing communication Developmental level Gender Sociocultural differences Roles and responsibilities Space and territoriality Physical mental and emotional state Values Environment

Using therapeutic communication in the helping relationship It doesn’t occur spontaniously Presence of unequal sharing of information The ralationship is built on patient’s needs Clear sense of professionalism in the dealings. It is a dynamic process Purposeful and time limited Insists on professional accountability

Phases of helping relationship Orientation phase Working phase Termination phase

Orientation phase Patient will call the nurse by name Patient will accurately describe the roles of the participants in the relationship Pt and nrs will establish an agreement about -goals of relationship -location, frequency, and length of contacts -duration of relationship

Working phase Patient will actively participate in the relationship Patient will coopereate in activities that work toward mutually acceptable goals The patient will express feelings and concerns to the nurse

Termination phase Patient will participate in identifying the goals accomplished or the progress made toward goals The patient will verbalize feelings about the termination of the relationship

Factors promoting effective communication within the helping relationship Warmth and friendliness Openness and respect Empathy Honesty authenticity and trust Caring Competence Comfortable environment Privacy Confidentiality

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION Identify clearly what is to be communicated Set the climate according to the goal Consider the individuals possible reaction Be aware of the nonverbal communication being transmitted Time of the message should be according to the convenience of others

contd Wait for feedback from other individuals (This will aid in determining whether or not the message has been correctly understood) Listen and observe, give full attention during receiving and interpreting the message. do not interrupt the response Look for implied meaning of other individual

contd Evaluate the effectiveness of communication process in achieving the goals intended

INTRODUCTION Communication is an essential component of survival for all creature. Even plants communicates. Research says, “Trees communicate with chemical message Animals and birds with sound and movement Master communicator Human being with use of language”

MEANING OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION IS THE BASIC ELEMENT OF HUMAN INTERACTION THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE TO ESTABLISH,MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE CONTACTS WITH OTHERS

DEFINITION The word “communication” is derived from the Latin word “communicare” Or “communico” Both of which means “to share” . Communication is defined As an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotion by two or more persons

Definition It is the art of transferring or exchanging information ideas or thoughts easily and correctly through verbal or non-verbal language . It is a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols , signs, or verbal behavior

COMMUNICATION PROCESS ELEMENTS 1.Sender 2.Message 3.Channel 4.Receiver 5.Feedback

Communication is a Series of Experiences of Seeing Hearing Taste Touch Smell

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Communication the exchange of information Is dynamic [changing] Never-ending Usually purposeful Influenced by feelings and value.

HOW TO RECEIVE COMMUNICATION WoRDS Vision 60% 30% Hearing 10% Content

Nature of communication C. involves interchange of facts and thoughts from one person to another C . Is a two way process involving sending of a message and receiving the reaction to the message C . Is a continuous or never ending process

Objectives of communication To inform To educate To motivate To integrate To relate To promote To entertain

COMMUNICATION PURPOSES. Social Therapeutic Relationship development Giving information Clarifying Conveying feeling.

Levels of communication Intrapersonal C. : it is a powerful form of communication that occurs within the individual e.g. self talk Interpersonal C. it is the interaction between two people or in a small group and that is face to face e.g. problem solving, sharing ideas, decision making

Transpersonal C. it is the interaction which occurs with in a personal spiritual domain. e.g. prayer, meditation ,religious rituals Public C. it is an interaction with audience or a large group of people e.g. giving lecture to the students, health education

Classification of communication On the basis of relationship On the basis of flow On the basis of expression formal Informal verbal Non verbal Oral downward upward Horizontal written

Communication process Message Sender Receiver Feed back

Communication process Interpersonal Variables Channel: Referent Referent MESSAGE VERBAL/ NON-VERBAL RECEIVER SENDER FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT Communication process

Referent : referent motivates one person to communicate with another E.g. sound, color, objects, emotions, ideas etc. initiate communication

Sender Sender is the person who encodes and delivers the message . C. begins with the sender

Message Message is the body or subject matter of C. it contains words, symbols, pictures or some other form, which will make the receiver to understand the message

Channel Channel is the medium through which the message passes from the sender to the receiver

Receiver Receiver is the person who receives and decodes the message

Feedback The reaction, reply, or response , which the receiver of the message send back to the sender

Interpersonal variables These are the factors within both the sender and the receiver that influence C.

Environment It is the setting for sender and receiver interaction

Types of communication 1. VERBAL Uses of spoken or written words including vocal qualities like loudness, tone, pitch of voice. 2. NON-VERBAL Eye contact Body language Facial expressions Silence Vocal cues Touch Appearance Postures and gait Gestures etc.

Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR) Unwillingness to say things differently Unwillingness to relate to others differently Unwillingness to learn new approaches Lack of Self-Confidence Lack of Enthusiasm Voice quality Prejudice

Disagreement between verbal and non-verbal messages Negative Self Image Lack of Feedback Lack of Motivation and Training Language and Vocabulary

External Barriers in Communication Environment The venue The effect of noise Temperature in the room Other People – Status, Education Time

Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the RECEIVER) Selective Perception Unwillingness to Change Lack of Interest in the Topic/Subject Prejudice & Belief System Personal Value System internal & external factors

Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR) Unwillingness to say things differently Unwillingness to relate to others differently Unwillingness to learn new approaches Lack of Self-Confidence Lack of Enthusiasm Voice quality Prejudice

Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the COMMUNICATOR) Disagreement between verbal and non-verbal messages Negative Self Image Lack of Feedback Lack of Motivation and Training Language and Vocabulary Level Lack of Self Awareness

Barriers in Communication (that have to do with the RECEIVER) Selective Perception Unwillingness to Change Lack of Interest in the Topic/Subject Prejudice & Belief System Rebuttal Instincts Personal Value System Here-and-Now internal & external factors

External Barriers in Communication Environment The venue The effect of noise Temperature in the room Other People – Status, Education Time

5 Basic reasons we Do Not Listen Listening is Hard Work Competition The Rush for Action Speed differences (120 wpm v/s 360 wpm) Lack of Training

4 Levels of Listening The Non-Listener The Marginal Listener The Evaluative Listener The Active Listener

Improving Listening Skills By not being Preoccupied Being Open Minded & Non Defensive Minimizing Interruptions Effective Listening is: Hearing, interpreting when necessary, understanding the message and relating to it. By Asking Questions

TYPES OF BODY LANGUAGE Remember that you are dealing with “PEOPLE” (P)OSTURES & GESTURES How do you use hand gestures? Stance? (E)YE CONTACT How’s your “Lighthouse”? (O)RIENTATION How do you position yourself? (P)RESENTATION How do you deliver your message? (L)OOKS Are your looks, appearance, dress important? (E)PRESSIONS OF EMOTION Are you using facial expressions to express emotion?

COMMUNICATION 7% WORDS 38% PARALINGUISTIC 55% BODY LANGUAGE Words are only labels and the listeners put their own interpretation on speakers words 38% PARALINGUISTIC The way in which something is said - the accent, tone and voice modulation is important to the listener. 55% BODY LANGUAGE What a speaker looks like while delivering a message affects the listener’s understanding most.

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Guidelines for effective communication Clarify ideas before communicating Examine the true purpose of the communication Consider the setting of the communication Consult with others when appropriate in planning communication Be mindful of the non-verbal messages you send

cotd Communicate something helpful Follow up on communication, feedback of some form is necessary Be sure your actions support your communication Be a good listener.

FOLLOW LADDER L - LOOK AT THE OTHER PRESON,MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT A - ASK APPROPRIATE QUESTIONS. D - DON”T INTERRUPT D - DON”T CHANGE THE SUBJECT E - EXPRESS EMOTIONS WITH CONTROL R - RESPONSIVELY LISTEN

Communication barriers Barriers arising from the linguistic capacity of the sender and the receiver Barriers arising from the emotional or psychological status of the sender and receiver Barriers arising within the organizational structure

contd Barriers arising from the individuals Barriers arising from the environmental factors Mechanical Geographical distance Noise

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN HOSPITALS Periodical talk between employer and employees Sign posts for the patients and the general public Staff conference to get suggestions and for decision-making Social gathering to improve interpersonal relationships.

contd Employ counseling in problem-solving Standing orders and protocols Hand book for general information Manuals(poicy,procedure) Bulletin boards.

CONCLUSION WITHOUT COMMUNICATION THERE CAN BE NO ORGANISATION, FOR THERE IS NO POSSIBILITY THEN OF THE GROUP INFLUENCING THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE INDIVIUAL HERBERT SIMON

THANKS IN AN ATMOSPHERE OF OPEN COMMUNICATION THE EMPLYEES WILL BE MORE COMMITTEDTO THE ORGANISATION