World History Chapter 12- The Age of Industry Section 4- A New Society

Warmup Create 5 TOUGH /NUDGY Questions from sections 1 through 3 to ask your teacher or a class mate! Be sure to write the correct answers!

How many Hazards/problems can you spot? What is unsafe here?

Labor issues, find 4! OGCK8 OGCK8 Enclosure movement: 2rkN4Q 2rkN4Q Find die roll details….

 Terms labor union: organization of workers formed to pressure business owners to improve ways & working conditions. collective bargaining: negotiations between union representatives & employers. Industrial age provides opportunities. Richard Arkwright, one of 13 children, succeeds in the textile industry. “Rags to Riches”. He was wealthy & knighted by King George III

 Rise of Middle Class Small number of business people successful like Arkwright and industrialization resulted in expanding the size, power & wealth of the middle class. Middle class comprised of bankers, lawyers, doctors & merchants. Also included owners of factories, mines & railroads. Professional workers also part of middle class including clerks, managers & teachers. Members of the middle class believed that education important to business success. Involved reform efforts: education, health care, prison improvements & sanitation

 Middle Class Lifestyles European & American men take on role of sole provider for families. Stereotypes of men & women emerge as each had different roles. Men in workforce. Women maintained home & brought up children. Middle class women hired domestic help if they could afford it. These women devoted time to educating their children, embroidery & planning meals. Housewives had magazines to instruct them in cooking, housekeeping, geography & natural science. Boys trained for employment. Girls expected to cook & sew and do household chores to be prepared for marriage.

 Lives of Working Class Working class increased. Enjoyed few luxuries. Most people in working class worked on farms & were now factory workers. Money earned only for necessities. Did not grow or make what their families needed.

Workers & Machinery Industrial competition increases- work harder & dangerous. Division of labor made work monotonous. Heavy, noisy, repetitive machinery- potentially dangerous. Workers (mainly children) lost fingers, limbs & even their lives to factory machinery. Factory workers adhered to rigid schedules. Textile mills- workers spent 10 to 14 hours a day in unventilated areas filled with dust & dirt. Diseases such as pneumonia & tuberculosis. Coal miners got black lung disease. Employees earned little money. Wages low. Women made half the amount of wages as men in the same job. Children paid less.

 Worker’s Lives Whole families worked in factories and mines. Working class children did not go to school as they worked. Many became crippled or ill due to unhealthful & dangerous conditions. Women had more opportunities working in industry. Now they could earn a living and make friends. Difficult working life and uncomfortable home life. Lived in crowded, cold apartments. Poor living conditions. Human and industrial waste contaminated water supplies and spread diseases such as cholera & typhoid. Late 1800’s, a Holyoke, Massachusetts mill town, had the highest infant mortality rate in the U.S.

 Workers Unite Workers faced harsh conditions. Workers grouped together to fight against factory owners & make problems known. Great Britain, workers joined worker associations, dedicated to representing the interests of workers in a specific industry. Associations wanted to improve wages & working conditions. *Add: they wanted: 10 hour work days, end to child labor and safer conditions!! Worker associations became labor unions.

 Union Tactics Labor unions protested by organized strikes where all workers refused to work. Participated in sit-down strikes where workers stopped working but refused to leave their work area. Manufacturers discouraged workers from joining unions by blacklisting suspected union members to prevent from getting jobs. British Parliament banned unions in the Combination Acts of 1799 and 1800.

 Union Tactics con’t British workers finally won their cause in the 1820s when Parliament agreed workers could meet to discuss working hours & wages. British workers form trade & craft unions. Union leaders and employers met to discuss problems and reach an agreement through collective bargaining. 1870s- British unions power increased after Parliament legalized strikes. Unskilled workers also form unions. 1900s- union membership increases in Europe & the United States.

Wrap Up Vla and cahpter 12 “noted” review challenge… VLA: Child labor: VGl1Jk VGl1Jk VGl1Jk Noted Challenge: If you earned this: Using the item provided by your kind and generous teacher… fill in all you think you need to know aboyt chap 12 BEFORE end of class… focus mostly on sections 1-3.