Coping with Extreme Climate Events Policy Implications Joyashree Roy Professor of Economics Coordinator-Global Change Programme-JU Jadavpur University, Kolkata May 12, 2006

Research Question Why and How to bind climate issues with wider developmental issues.

Natural Resource Base Access to water And sanitation Extreme events Livelihoods Participation In Decision making Health Vulnerability To Environmental Change Opportunity Security Empowerment Access to environmental info Elements of Well being Dimensions of Poverty Ex of Env factors Environmental Links to dimensions of poverty

Bottom up Approach Building up from Observing the Behaviour of direct stakeholders

Design of the study identification of hotspots understanding vulnerability identifying coping mechanism: households and communities adaptive actions of –vulnerable groups with private motive –government and non-government external agencies with social welfare motive –generate both private and public goods and services. Careful analysis of these will provide us with a portfolio of actions.

Stake holders perception and action Through community response Through Household response –Responses are based on the field survey following LIFE approach

Policy Framework Sustainable development goals –Livelihood: employment –Institution: decision making, social capital –Food: poverty –Empowerment: education, health..

Hot spot selection hydrological model results on climate variability related water availability scenarios district wise map representing population density, intensity of agricultural activity, degree of water stress/abundance, precipitation pattern –They all were then overlaid on each other to identify the villages i.e. the hotspot as intersection of all these characteristics. the households in each village have been first stratified according to their landholding pattern

Study area The flood basin survey has been conducted in –villages of Nandabar, Karabar and Manitiri of the Nayagarh district of Orissa in the Mahanadi river basin. the drought survey has been carried out in –sabarkantha and Ahmedabad of gujarat in the Sabarmati river basin. Eight villages - two each from the talukas Himmatnagar and Modasa in Sabarkantha and Dholka and Sanand in Ahmedabad have been selected for the survey. A total of approximately 200 households have been surveyed which due to random selection procedure can be considered a fairly representative sample.

Vulnerability assessment Vulnerability of the study areas has been judged by three component indices representing three sources of vulnerability: threats to livelihood (VIL), food security (VIF) and access to market (VIM) based on household responses.

Vulnerability status

Coping capacity Diversified occupational pattern Infrastructure facilities Asset position Social capital Indebtedness

Mahanadi Hotspot: Occupational Distribution

Mahanadi Hotspot: Types of Farmers

Mahanadi Hotspot: Land Distribution

Mahanadi Hotspot: Educational Distribution

Mahanadi Hotspot: Lighting Fuel

Mahanadi Hotspot: Cooking Fuel

Mahanadi Hotspot: Cropping Pattern

Mahanadi Hotspot: Short-term Coping Strategies

Mahanadi Hotspot: Long-term Coping Strategies

Mahanadi Hotspot: Infrastructure : Source of Potable Water during Floods

Mahanadi Hotspot: social capital: Support from Relatives

Mahanadi Hotspot: Social capital: Support from Villagers & Friends

Mahanadi Hotspot: Institution: Governmental Support

Mahanadi Hotspot: Institution: NGO Support

Mahanadi Hotspot: Policy Suggestions by Stakeholders

Sabarmati Hotspot: Occupational Distribution

Sabarmati Hotspot: Pattern of Land Holding

Sabarmati Hotspot: Lighting Fuel

Sabarmati Hotspot: Cooking Fuel

Sabarmati Hotspot: Coping Strategies

Sabarmati Hotspot: Reported Damage to Crops

Sabarmati Hotspot: Village-wise Irrigation Availability

Sabarmati Hotspot: Financial Aid Distribution

Sabarmati Hotspot: Policy Suggestions by Stakeholders

Adaptive capacity Complex combination of –technology –institutional governance Policy matrix

Policy Matrix

Thank you